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Swine Flashcards

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1
Q

Purpose of swine

A

meat

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2
Q

Fossil records of hogs trace back to

A

40 million years ago

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3
Q

How many pigs came with Christopher Columbus

A

8 pigs

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4
Q

Hernando de Soto‐ brought 15 pigs to

A

Tampa Bay, Florida

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5
Q

Sir Walter Raleigh brought sows to

A

Jamestown

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6
Q

Major pork producing state in mid 1600

A

Pennsylvania

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7
Q

After the Revolution war the swine production moved to the

A

west

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8
Q

Cincinnati became know as

A

Porkopolis

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9
Q

Pork Barrel

A

pork used to be cut and stored in barrels

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10
Q

Earmark

A

type of identification

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11
Q

Wall Street

A

market trading

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12
Q

“living high in the hog”

A

doing well in life; making money

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13
Q

Countries with the highest swine production

A
  1. China
  2. U.S
  3. Germany
  4. Spain
  5. Brazil
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14
Q

Top states of swine production

A
  1. Iowa
  2. North Carolina
  3. Minnesota
  4. Illinois
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15
Q

Why was there a drop in the number of farms during early 90s?

A

The cost of the products was relatively cheap meaning the farms were not making a profit and therefore went out of business. Only those with sufficient money were able to sustain themselves during that period.

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16
Q

Barrow

A

castrated male

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17
Q

Gilt

A

female that has not farrowed

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18
Q

Saw

A

female that has farrowed

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19
Q

Boar

A

mature male

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20
Q

Stag

A

lat castrated male

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21
Q

Rearrange from start to finish

Farrowing, Finishing, Breeding-gestation, Nursery

A
  1. Breeding-gestation
  2. Farrowing
  3. Nursery
  4. Finish
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22
Q

Purpose of gestation

A

Get saw pregnant

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23
Q

What are reasons to have individual/separated crates

A
  • Saws tend to fight to establish pecking order

- Poor feed management

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24
Q

Why are we heading towards Modern gestation housing

A

More spacious allowing sows to freely walk around while having individual feed area and place to rest/lay down

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25
Sow age of puberty
4-7 months
26
Sow estrus cycle length
21 days
27
Sow duration of estrus
2-3 days
28
Sow occurrence of ovulation
2nd day of estrus
29
Sow gestation length
114 days
30
Sow 1st estrus postpartum
3-5 days post-weaning
31
Estrus Detection
- expose the sow/gilt to boar - press her back (if she stays stills she is likely to be in estrus) - vocalization - ear gestures
32
Lordosis
receptive to being bred
33
What are the type of mating system in swine
- hand mating - pen mating - Al (artificial insemination)
34
Pros and Cons of hand mating
Pros: knows breeding date Cons: Expensive, less safe
35
Pros and Cons of Pen mating
Pros: Safe, Less expensive Cons: Not knowing the breeding date
36
Pros and Cons of Al
Pros: Safe, less expensive than Hand mating and Pen mating, knows breeding date Cons: if there is not enough semen the sow is less likely to wean 12 piglets
37
What method of mating is most common used in the swine industry
Al
38
How often is semen collected from Boars?
twice a week
39
Pre-sperm is
discarded
40
Gelatinous plug
filtered away
41
Goal is to have enough sperm to inseminate
10‐15 females
42
Al is used by
all producers
43
T/F Board semen is usually frozen
False
44
Why is frozen semen not as common/used in the swine industry
Pig semen does not freeze well
45
T/F Al is not needed you have boars on sight
False.
46
Piglets are weaned
17-27 days
47
T/F Momma saw does not mind being as warm as the piglets
False
48
What is done to piglets during the first 3 days
Ear notching Iron shut Tail docking Clip needle teeth
49
What is done to piglets in the 7th day
Castration
50
T/F Is legal to use gestation grates in Florida
False
51
Improvest
vaccine against GNRH
52
Problems with Improvest
- Males still have their testis | - Trust issues among the operations
53
T/F Nursing is the most stressful transition for piglets
True
54
What are some stressors during the nursing period
Environmental Nutrition Social
55
How long do piglets stay in the nursery section
6 weeks
56
How much do piglets weight when they leave the nursery
50-60 Ib
57
How long do pigs stay in the Grow-finish area
16-18 weeks
58
How much do pigs weight Hereford processed
270-280 Ib
59
Soy has a component called soy-phytate which is found inside phosphorus. What do producers do in order for the pigs to absorb the phosphorus.
They supplement the pig Phytase which is an enzyme that breaks soy-phytate
60
Why has the modern segmented production in the swine industry changed into three sites (site 1 breeding gestation and farrowing, site 2 nursery, and site 3 finishing)
First reason is biosecurity. They have to make sure there aren’t any sort of disease being transferred from site to site. Another reason is to enhance the working process meaning workers can only focus on their individual site as opposed to running from site to site.
61
What does intensive management refer to the swine industry
Produce more pigs with less labour and resources. Better control of waste and disease.
62
What are the two types of breed of swines
Maternal and Paternal
63
Maternal breeds refers to
attributes of the sow
64
Paternal breed refers to
growth performance and carcass traits
65
small floppy ears
Large White
66
big floppy ears
Landrace
67
erect ears
York Shire
68
best identified for its red color
Duroc
69
recognized for its white belt
Hampshire
70
Covered with a large white spot
Spot
71
six white points and floppy ears
Poland China
72
six white points and erect ears
Berkshire
73
Farm purchases all breeding stock and | Integrators have large herds that produce their own females
Hybrid Swine Lines
74
Potential Selection Criteria for Hybrid Swine Line
Individual and parental performance records
75
MLI (maternal line index)
combines growth and maternal traits
76
SPI (sow productivity index)
combines number of piglets born and 21-day litter weight
77
TSI (terminal sire index)
combines Days to 270 Ib and backfat
78
Niche Markets demand for
superior product quality
79
What are the primal cuts of a pig
``` Bosten butt Loin Ham Belly Picnic shoulder ```
80
What hormone causes the pork meat to smell and taste bad
boar taint
81
What do boars ejaculate
Pre-sperm Sperm-rich Gelatinous plug

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