Swine Dr. Bennett Flashcards
General considerations of pig anesthesia
certain breeds are prone to malignant hyperthermia:
Landrace
Large White
Peitrain
Poland-China
difficult to restrain
poor venous access
more challanging to intubate
How long to withhold food in pigs
6-12 h adults
most anesthetics are “off label”
IM drug admin in pigs
need long needle due to significant SQ fat
3-4cm (1.5”) needle
Best in neck caudal to ear & 5 cm from dorsal midline
Do not inject into hindlimb mm.
Where to place IVC in pigs
aruicular v.
cephalic v.
can use EMLA cream prior to IVC placement
What drug is used for sedation & premed of pigs
Azaperone - butyropenone class
may be combined w/ opioids & ketamine
Azaperone
dose related sedation
may cause excitement
dopamine antagonist (like aceprom)
resp & CV effects minimal
BP can fall via alpha1 blockade
- classified as tranquilizer & antianxiety drug*
- potent antiemetic*
mediated through via dopamine receptors in CRTZ
What alpha 2 agonist can be used in pigs
Reversal drug
Xylazine
Detomidine
Dexmedetomidine ($$$)
pigs less sensitive to alpha2 vs other spp
Atipamezole for reversal
What benzos & dissociative drugs can be used in pigs
diazepam + ketamine
midazolam + ketamine (IM)
climazolam+azaperon+ketamine
- reverse w/ sarmzenil*
- In US:*
zolazepam + tiletamine IM
small vol needed, rapid onset, very efficatious
incr dose, incr duration & recovery time
Intubation of pigs
topical local to reduce risk of laryngospasm
have a selection of tubes available - airway relatively narrow for bodyweight
stylet associated risk of penetrating airway
ensure ETT isn’t to long
Anes maintenance in pigs
isoflurane
sevoflurane/desflurane
halothane has risk of malignant hyperthermia
TIVA:
Propofol CRI
Triple Drip (GG+xylazine+ketamine)
monitoring anes in pigs
Arterial BP
doppler, oscillometry for non-invasive
for invasive use auricular art.
ETCO2, ETAA, FiO2
Temperature: important for detection of hyperthermia or hypothermia
analgesia in pigs
NSAIDs : Meloxicam, Carprofen
Opioids: fairly insensitive to effects but there are published doses
drug withdrawal requirements
local anes in pigs
lumbosacral epidural for C-section, castration
use stifle as landmark
Lidocaine: dose varies by size
can use combo of Alpha2 agonist & lidocaine
(xylazine+lidocaine)
recovery in pigs
risk of laryngospasm
airway obstruction
prone to hypothermia due to lack of furry coat
Malignant hyperthermia
rare inherited condition
due to mutation of the ryanodine Ca2+ release channel in sarcoplasmic reticulum
Suxamethonium & halothane most commonly inplicated
