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swine Lab Practical Flashcards

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1
Q

Rattle paddle

A

Hit on rump or shoulder, has noise

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2
Q

Snare

A

Way to immobilize the pig
Use to check individual pigs
Place inside mouth of pig past the teeth and tightened onto snout

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3
Q

Rattle jug

A

Makes noise
Pigs move away from it

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4
Q

Flight zone

A

Area pig is comfortable having a person around, when flight zone is entered pig will move

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5
Q

Blind spot

A

Area of pig where they cannot see you, you could startle the pig

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6
Q

Point of balance

A

Area across pigs shoulders and when approached from behind, the pig moves forward
If approached from the front, the pig will move backward
A way to steer the pig

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7
Q

Pig hurdle

A

Used to block an area where pig should not go, it will be in pigs flight zone so it will move away from it

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8
Q

Slap stick

A

Flexible syringe
Gives extended injection
Shoulder is preferred location

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9
Q

Ham injection

A

Can sneak up to give, lowers quality
Won’t stay in herd long so its okay

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10
Q

Boar exposure

A

“Boer effect”
Stimulates release of GnRH, jumpstart cycling
Run boar outside pen twice a day
70-80% of gilts show estrus twice a day in 28 days
Also works with weaned sows

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11
Q

Pre-pubertal gilts

A

PG600-> jumpstart LH and FSH
Injection of ECG and hCG
80% of gilts show estrus 5-10 days after injection

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12
Q

Cycling females

A

Matrix- oral progesterone
Feed for 14 days
80-90% of mature sows and gilts display estrus 4-9 days after removal
Very expensive, 6.8mL/pig/ day

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13
Q

Group weaning

A

Wean all piglets at once
Removes inhibition on GnRH
90% of weaned sows display estrus within 10 days after removal

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14
Q

Standing heat

A

Vulva swells and reddens (day before or so)
Attempt to mount other pigs
In heat for 2-3 days and ovulate 12 hours before end of standing heat
Breed 12 hours after first heat detection and every 12 hours until no longer stands
Use boar by pen to see sow responses
Use spray that mimic boar effect

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15
Q

Visual appraisal for replacement gilts

A

Feet and leg soundness- important, spend most of time checking
Underline soundness
External genitalia
Growth
Backfat

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16
Q

Feet

A

The larger the better
Large toe size
No cracked hooves or foot pad abrasions
Toe sizes should not differ by more than 1/2 inch

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17
Q

Front leg

A

Do not want straight fronted or upright, walk like no elbows
Do not want tipped too far over
Cull buck kneed- difficult time walking and getting up and down
Soft and weak Pasterns preferred, + impacts longevity

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18
Q

Rear leg

A

Do not want straight or upright
Do not want gilt/ sow to appear steep/ high topped
Do not want them to appear to be walking on tiptoes/ stiff-legged
Avoid sickle hock
Normal= slightly behind line

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19
Q

Feet and legs

A

Want good base width, hip and base width equal

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20
Q

Splay footed

A

Toes point outward

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21
Q

Pigeon toed

A

Toes pointed inward

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22
Q

Cow hocked

A

Hocks almost touching
Could give narrow base

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23
Q

Underline soundness

A

Screen at birth,weaning, and selection
6 functional nipples each side with adequate spacing= good
>7 function nipples each side with adequate spacing= excellent

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24
Q

External genitalia

A

Vulva
Avoid/ cull gilts with small vulva, could have difficulty getting bred or during farrowing
Avoid/ cull gilts with tipped up vulva, could lead to higher incidence of metritis and cystitis

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25
Replacement gilt growth
Should be in the fastest growing 50% of group Growth= weight= sooner onset of puberty= bred earlier
26
Backfat of replacement gilts
Level of Backfat is farm specific and may change due to genetics, environment, and end market Evaluate using genetics, ultrasound, BCS
27
Semen evaluation
Good quality boar semen essential to obtain satisfactory fertility rates Appearance= milky to creamy consistency Color= gray to white Total sperm numbers= >15 x 10^9 Gross motility= >70% Abnormal morphology= <20% Cytoplasmic droplets= <15%
28
Most common sperm abnormalities
Coiled tail and double tail
29
What does it mean when you have a large percent of sperm in an ejaculate that have cytoplasmic droplet attached to them? How would you fix this problem fix you owned the boar
A large percent of cytoplasmic droplets attached to the sperm shows that the boar is being overused and the sperm doesn’t have enough time to completely develop. This can be fixed by ejaculating him less to by getting new, younger boar
30
Uterus
Site for sperm to reach oviduct
31
Ovary
Produce progesterone and estrogen
32
Cervix
Where insemination takes place
33
Vagina
Passageway for piglets at birth
34
Oviduct
Site of fertilization
35
Spirette
Most common Counterclockwise to insert, clockwise to remove
36
Foam catheter
Push until pops in, then pull out
37
Gilt catheter
More narrow tip, easier for smaller tract Push and lock in
38
PCAI (post cervial) catheter
Slide catheter though to get further in for increases success
39
OvuGel
GnRH agonist Stimulates release of LH Induces ovulation 40-48 hours after treatment Labeled for weaned sows
40
Typical swine diets
Most components are grain (can have more concentrates b/c nonruminant stomach) Mineral and vitamin supplements Eat little roughage
41
Energy
Carbs -corn -barley -sorghum -wheat -cotton -oats Can use multiple mixed
42
Corn
High in starch= high digest ability Low in fiber High palatability 7-9% protein (low) Should be fed as ground corn
43
Protein
Soybeans Fish meal Blood meal Peanut meal Canola meal Dried milk/ milk replacer
44
Soybean
Soybean meal -ground residue remaining after oil removed High palatability 41-50% Meets EAA requirement
45
DDGs
Distiller dried grains w/ solubles Ethanol removed via fermentation w/ yeast using condensation Dry at least 75% of resultant Energy value similar to corn Higher protein than corn
46
Dicalcium phosphate
Gray granular rocks Calciu + phosphorous Structural development and bone strength
47
Copper sulfate
Blue and crystal Growth and development Increase growth performance of nursery pigs
48
Nursery temperatures
Sow need it cool (65 F) and piglets need it hot (85 F) Accomplished through zone heating, room temp set at what sow needs and piglets get supplemental heat in form of heat lamb or heat pad (should be placed to sides and behind sow)
49
Piglet processing
Needle teeth clipping- do to reduce pigs cutting up sow udder Tail docking- do to reduce tail biting, dock one inch away from end Iron injection- prevents anemia in pigs (one 200 mg injection or 2 100 mg injection) insert into neck Piglet identification- ear notching Castration- uncastrated males at slaughter have boar taint, do at 4-14 days old
50
Litter #
Right ear
51
Individual #
Left ear
52
Market hog evaluation
Muscle Leanness Growth Volume Soundness
53
Carcass merit
Endpoint of animal is based upon this Based on animal/ carcass weight, quality of lean, and quantity of lean
54
Ultrasound placement
Over the 10th rib is best -also find last rib and elbow pocket and probe halfway through
55
Boston butt
8% of carcass
56
Loin
18% of carcass
57
Ham
24% of carcass
58
Belly
19% of carcass
59
Picnic
9% of carcass
60
Dressing percentage
Hot carcass/ live weight x100 Decreases: mud/ manure on skin, gut fail, abscesses and excessive bruising Increases:empty digestive, excessively fat animals 72% is avg
61
Cooler shrink
Fresh meat 70-75% water making it susceptible to evaporative cooling loss in first 24 hours Lose 3-5% typically
62
Carcass lean yield
Estimated lbs of lean= 2+ (hot carcass weigh x .45) + (LEA x5) - (fat depth x 11) Estimated % lean= estimated lbs lean/ hot carcass x100
63
Weaning
Wean entire farrowing room s close to avg 21 days as possible -spread out over all pens or just 4 leaving one for pigs with complications Sort based on weight
64
7-8 weeks prio to breeding (NEW GILTS ONLY)
5 cc parvovirus shield L5E (PPV) 2 cc Ingelvac PRRS-MLV
65
4 weeks prior to breeding (all)
5 cc Parvovirus shield L5E, pink bottle, IM 2 cc Ingelvac PRRS-MLV IM
66
2 week prior to breeding (new gilts only)
Ivermectin dewormer
67
4 weeks prior to farrowing
2 cc Litterguard LT-C
68
2 weeks prior to farrowing
2 cc Litterguard LT-C Ivermectin
69
At birth
Rub in dual dry (head to tail) Helps to keep them dry
70
Day 1 protocol
Earnothc Tail dock 0.2 cc Excede (broad plectrum antibiotic) 200 mg iron (IM neck)
71
Day 7 vaccines
1 cc Rhini Sheild TX4 -> respiratory combo vaccine to cover strophic rhinitis, pneumonia, and erysipelas
72
Day 14 vaccines
0.5 cc excede (broad spectrum antibotic)
73
Weaning vaccines
2 cc Circumvent PCV-M G2 1 cc Rhinishield TX4 Administer dose of PCV2 and mycoplasma vaccine
74
7 days after entering nursery
2 cc swine flu
75
In farrowing pen
Dry floors with potato starch after each wash Dual dry on heat mats first 3 days
76
Preparing healthy sow/ gilt
MLV vaccine for PRRS, all females get booster one month out of breeding (better safe than sorry) Vaccinate for common repro-based diseases; PPV, lepto, erysipelas Gilts given anthelmintics prior to breeding and again prior to farrowing Sows on annual anthelmintic protocol, dose prior to farrowing (dewormers) -should be broad spectrum and include protection against mange, scabies, ascariasis, trichuriasis, and strongyloidasis

Swine (3 decks)

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