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ASC 408G Swine Production > Swine Production Systems > Flashcards

Swine Production Systems Flashcards

1
Q

confinement systems first introduced

A

1950s

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2
Q

today majority of pigs in US raised in ____ systems

A

confinement

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3
Q

7 benefits of confinement systems

A
  • small land requirement
  • low labor
  • protected from elements
  • separate manure from pigs
  • parasite control
  • easy handling pigs
  • increased gains (don’t burn as much energy)
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4
Q

3 challenges of confinement systems

A
  • big investment
  • negative social opinion
  • controlling temp
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5
Q

range of environmental temperature over which the heat produced by animals remains fairly constant

A

thermoneutral zone

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6
Q

4 temperature control mechanisms

A
  • misting (usually bellies)
  • fans
  • heat lamps/heater
  • drip system cooler
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7
Q

2 things that happen when temp varies from thermoneutral zone

A
  • loss of appetite

- poor reproductive performance

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8
Q

provides airflow and release of toxic gases

A

ventilation

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9
Q

2 methods of ventilation

A
  • ventilation fans

- drop curtains

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10
Q

ventilation is measured in:

A

CFM (cubic feet per minute)

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11
Q

_____ pigs require _____ CFM than ____ pigs

A

heavier; greater; lighter

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12
Q

____ temps require higher CFM than ______ temps

A

warmer; cooler

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13
Q

3 flooring materials used in confinement systems

A

concrete slabs
plastic
plastic coated metal

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14
Q

concrete slabs in confinement used for what type of pigs

A

boar studs
breeding
gestation
finishing

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15
Q

plastic and plastic coated metal are used for ____ pigs

A

nursery

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16
Q

boar stud units are for:

A

collecting, extending, & shipping semen

young boars isolated and trained

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17
Q

there is high _____ for boar stud units

A

biosecurity

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18
Q

4 types of sow units

A
  • breeding
  • gestation
  • farrowing
  • lactation
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19
Q

what unit type has the worst reputation when it comes to animal welfare?

A

gestation (because kept in crates or pens)

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20
Q

how many sows are kept in a group during breeding and gestation

A

10-15

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21
Q

heat checks are preformed ____

A

daily (usually AM and PM)

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22
Q

sows are mainly bred via ____

A

AI

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23
Q

sows are kept in breeding/gestation unit until what day of pregnancy

A

109th

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24
Q

gestation length

A

114 days (3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days)

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25
before moving into farrowing unit sows are washed and ____
dewormed
26
weaning age
21 days
27
piglets remain in nursery until ___ lbs
40-60 lbs
28
farrow-to-finish operations are vertically integrated. true or false.
true
29
units in a farrow-to-finish
sow nursery finishing -breeding to market weight
30
units in farrow-to-nursery
sow nursery -breeding to 40-60 lbs
31
units in farrow-to-wean
sow only - breeding through 10-15 lbs - contract buyers or maintain ownership
32
units in wean-to-finish
finishing only -purchase 10-15 lbs to market weight
33
finishing farm sometimes referred to as:
"grow-to-finish"
34
units in finishing farm
purchase 40-60 lb to market weight
35
2 alternative production systems
pasture systems | deep bedded systems
36
why choose alternative production systems
- building size - building costs decreased - energy costs decreased - environmental concern - animal welfare concern - niche markets
37
oldest type of swine operation in the US
pasture operations
38
types of pasture operations
- gestation and farrowing | - farrow to market
39
benefits to pasture operations
- lower initial and annual costs - lower feed costs - reduced risk of nutritional deficiencies (iron) - less pig-to-pig contact - flexibility - reduced manure management - less cannibalism
40
challenges of pasture systems
- more labor - longer time to reach market weight - environment (weather) - parasite control - maintaining ground cover (rooting)
41
most common type of pasture operation
gestation and farrowing
42
how many sows on a gestation and farrowing pasture operation
8-12 sows | 6-8 sows with litter
43
farrow-to-market for pasture operations
- generally not practiced because of land requirement - 15-30 weaning to 100 lb pigs - 10-20 100 lb to market weight pigs - slow growth rate - poor feed efficiency
44
pasture production compared to confinement ____ weaning rates ____ pigs weaned/sow/year ____ feed efficiency ____ average daily gains
LOWER weaning rates FEWER pigs weaned/sow/year POORER feed efficiency LOWER average daily gain
45
deep bedded systems usually used for
gestation and finishing pigs
46
benefits of deep bedded systems
- lower cost investment - more control over environment - lower energy costs - multiple-use bedding - solid manure
47
challenges of deep bedded systems
- lots of bedding needed - parasites and flies - treating and identifying sick - difficult to cool barns - increased fighting
48
how much bedding is needed for deep bedded in the summer
200 lb/pig
49
how much bedding is needed for deep bedding in the winter
350 lb/pig
50
bedding layer how many inches deep
14-18 in
51
types of bedding for deep bedding
``` straw cornstalks hay (low quality only) recycled paper rice hulls wood shavings sand ```
52
finishing bedded barns compared to confinement - summer: grow ____ & ____ mortality - winter: require ____ feed/lb of gain & ____ mortality
-summer: grow FASTER LOWER mortality -winter: require MORE feed/lb of gain -HIGHER mortality
53
``` deep bedded overall: ___ backfat ___ loin eye area ___ lean product ___ weight variation at harvest consume ___ feed ```
``` MORE backfat SMALLER loin eye area LESS lean product GREATER weight variation at harvest consume MORE feed ```
54
``` bedded barns compared to confinement behavior: ___ fighting ___ aberrant behaviors ___ plasma cortisol levels ___ foot injuries ```
MORE fighting LESS aberrant behaviors LOWER plasma cortisol levels FEWER foot injuries
55
deep bedded gestation use what for feeding
feeding stalls to maintain and record feed intake
56
true or false. sows moved indoor for farrowing and breeding in deep bedded systems
true (generally)
57
3 issues with gestation in hoop structures
- feeding systems - introducing new gilts - changes in sow groups
58
``` gestation bedded barns compared to confinement ___ feet and leg problems ___ culling ___ sow mortality ___ feed costs ___ reproductive performance ```
``` LESS feet and leg problems LESS culling LESS sow mortality LOWER feed costs EQUAL reproductive performance ```
59
how long are baby pigs kept in boxes with sows after farrowing (deep bedded)
7-10 days
60
true or false. After weaning sows are moved to another pin and babies are left behind, making it easier on the piglets.
true
61
major challenges facing confinement hog farmers
``` costs increasing consumer acceptance manure handling barn adaptability feed costs (corn and soybean increases) ```
62
challenges facing pasture hog farmers
changes in temp parasites lower weight gain run-off
63
if confinement illegal, what would happen to swine industry?
less product more expensive product less pigs

ASC 408G Swine Production (10 decks)

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