Syllable Structure & Word Stress Flashcards
(37 cards)
Why do we use slashes in broad transcriptions?
When we do a broad transcription, we use the slashes to indicate to the reader that they’re reading sounds, not orthography.
What is mapping CVC?
This is a method to expose the bare bones of utterances (spoken words).
What is the meaning of C in Mapping?
A “C” is assigned for all single consonant phonemes
What is the meaning of V in Mapping?
A “V” is assigned for all single vowel phonemes
Complete the transcriptions and CVC Mapping of each word:
Complete the transcriptions and CVC Mapping of each word:
1) is
2) sew
3) grand
4) static
5) couch
6) knife
7) success
8) exhaust
9) reputation
10) scrunched
1) /ɪz/
2) /soʊ/
3) /grænd/
4) /stætɪk/
5) /kaʊtʃ/
6) /naɪf/
7) /səksɛs/
8) /əgzɑst/
9) /rɛpjuteɪʃən/
10) /skrʌntʃt/
What is the syllable anatomy?
Which of of the 3 characteristics are optional and mandatory in the syllable anatomy?
Onset: Optional
Nucleus: Mandatory
Coda: Optional
Which sound in a syllable is mandatory?
In a syllable, a vowel sound is mandatory
One vowel alone or a vowel in combination with one of more consonants
Which sound is the core of a syllable?
Vowel is the core of a syllable and the smallest combination of sounds which can stand alone as its own syllable
What is the exception to the mandatory vowel rule?
Interjections like mmmm! or shhhh!
What is the difference between an open and closed syllable?
An open syllable has an “unfilled” coda.
A closed syllable has a “filled” coda.
In single-syllable words, which vowels can appear in open syllables?
In single syllable words, only tense vowels can appear in open syllables.
A schwa is lax, but the schwa is an exception.
Single syllable words with open codas can only end in the 8 tense vowel sounds:
/i, u, ɑ aɪ, aʊ, ɔɪ, eɪ, oʊ/
One vowel sound =
one syllable
1V = 1σ
Identify the syllable nuclei – add CVC map:
1) /ɪz/
2) /soʊ/
3) /grænd/
4) /stætɪk/
5) /kaʊtʃ/
6) /naɪf/
7) /səksɛs/
8) /əgzɑst/
9) /rɛpjuteɪʃən/
10) /skrʌntʃt/
What does this rule represent? (C)3V(C)4,
The brackets indicate optional, and the superscript indicates maximum number or consonants in a cluster.
In English phonotactics this is allowed:
CCCVCCCC
/strɛŋkθs/
strengths
Give an example of Phonotactics:
The non-word “blick” is often used as an example. It’s not a word, but it sounds like it could.
We know each syllable has one vowel sound, but we have to consider where to mark where one coda ends and one onset begins.
The key is the ______________________, and it relies on phonotactics.
Maximal Onset Principle
In a word like “electric,” we have /əlɛktrək/, or VCVCCCVC, how many syllables are there? How do we mark the syllable division?
- If /ktr/ is not allowed as a cluster in an onset, let’s simplify. Work backwards.
- Is /r/ allowed in the onset of a syllable (or word)? Yes. Can we add more to the onset?
- Is /tr/ allowed in the onset of a syllable (or word)? Yes. Can we add more to the onset?
- Is /ktr/ allowed on the onset of a syllable (or word)? No.
- So we place the division before the the /tr/.
- Because the /l/ sound can appear in the onset, it must appear in the onset.
/ə.lɛk.trək/, or VCVC.CCVC.
What do we do with the rhotic vowels in CVC?
Mark rhotic vowels as VC – separate the vowel from the /r/ sound.
e.g.,
Transcribe, complete the mapping CVC and divisions
1) on
2) sew
3) grand
4) static
5) couch
6) knife
7) success
8) exhaust
9) reputation
10) scrunched
Syllable Stress =
“Lexical Stress”
What is Lexical stress?
Lexical stress, like “lexicon” refers to words. They are natural stress patterns in words. In English, they are not predictable, but learned, and can be important to the meaning of the word
