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PHYSIOLOGY 335 > Synapse > Flashcards

Synapse Flashcards

1
Q

What electrical signal happens at a synapse?

A

Small graded potential

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2
Q

Excitatory Synapse

A

membrane potential of a postsynaptic neuron is brought closer to threshold

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3
Q

Inhibitory Synapse

A

membrane potential of a postsynaptic neuron is driven further from threshold or stablized at its resting membrane potential

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4
Q

Electrical Synapse characteristics

A

-direct cell to cell contact
-contains gap junctions which allow ion and other small solutes to pass through
-conducts electrical signals very quickly

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5
Q

Chemical Synapse characteristics

A

-synaptic vesicles in presynaptic neuro
-slower than electrical synapse

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6
Q

Steps of NT release

A
  1. AP goes down the axon to the terminal
  2. Volate gated calcium channels open
  3. calcium enters the axon terminals
  4. calcium induces the exocyptosos of NTs and they are released and diffuse into the cleft
  5. NTs bind to postsynaptic receptors
  6. NTs removed from cleft
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7
Q

Excitatory NT steps

A
  1. NT binds to the receptor
  2. Ligand gated ionotropic receptor channel opens
  3. Net cation iflux of mainly sodium or calcium into postsynaptic cell
  4. The net effect is depolarization
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8
Q

Inhibitory NT steps

A
  1. NT binds to the receptor
  2. Ligand gated ionotropic channels open
  3. either potassium flows out, chloride flows in or no net flux of cl-
  4. Net effect is either hyperpolarization or prevents depolarization
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9
Q

What happens to NTs in the cleft?

A
  1. NTs can diffuse away unbounded
  2. Can be destroyed by enzymes and turn inactive
  3. NTs are taken back into the presynaptic terminals or transported into nearby glial cells
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10
Q

Synaptotgamin

A

senses incoming calcium and induces wrapping of the protein. The protein twists together and draws vesicle to the membrane. Exocytosis of NTs occur when vesicle binds to the membrane

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11
Q

NTs can bind to two different kinds of receptors?

A

Ionotropic and meatbotropic

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12
Q

Ionotropic Receptors

A

Ligand gated/chemical
Contain and ion chennal
Membrane potential changes immediatly

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13
Q

Metabotropic Receptors

A

Do not contain ion channels and many are coupled to G protein transducters
-g protein transduction activate second messenger signaling cascades which may open or close ion channels

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14
Q

Temporal summation

A

one input is repeadtly releasing and adding together

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15
Q

Spatial summation

A

2 different inputs fired close in time can sumate in space

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16
Q

Presynaptic Faciilation

A

makes EPSP or IPSP stronger
- increases depolaization and NT release by increasing calcium flux

17
Q

Presynaptic Inhibition

A

makes EPSP or IPSP weaker
- decreases depolarization and NT release by decreasing calcium influx, decrease the amount of NT from Queen onto minions

18
Q

Autoregulation

A

negative feedback mechanism, Queen’s NT self regulates

19
Q

Antagoist

A

blocks receptors on postsynaptic membranes

20
Q

Agonist

A

mimics a NT

21
Q

What binds to ionotropic receptors to elicit EPSPs or IPSPs

A

NT

22
Q

What binds to metabotropic recpetors

A

Neuromodulators

23
Q

Facts about Neuromodulators:

A
  1. they can be released with NTs from a presynaptic axon terminal
  2. Involved in slower evets such as learning and development
24
Q

How to metabotropic recpetors work

A
  1. NM binds to receptor
  2. Gs protein becomes activated by the binding of NM to receptor
  3. Adenylyl cyclose is activated by the G protein activation and converts ATP to cAMP
  4. Aninactive cAMP dependent protein kinase is activated by cAMP and phosphrylated protei
25
Q

Acetylcholine

A

EPSP

26
Q

Glutamate

A

EPSP

27
Q

Gaba and Glycine

A

IPSP

28
Q

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

A

Can be IPSP or EPSP depending on the receptor

PHYSIOLOGY 335 (16 decks)

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