Synaptic Integration

Question 1

3 types of synapses in the CNS

Answer 1

Axosomatic
Axoaxonic
Axodendritic

Question 2

Axosomatic synapses have terminal buttons located on the ___

Answer 2

Soma (cell body)

Question 3

Axoaxonic synapses have terminal buttons located on ___

Answer 3

Axon (hillock)

Question 4

Axodendritic synapses have terminal buttons located on ___

Answer 4

Dendrites

Question 5

Ionotropic =

Answer 5

Directly gated

Question 6

Ionotropic synapses:
Interact with ____ neuron at NMJ
And __ central synapses

Answer 6

One

Many

Question 7

Ionotropic synapses:
Inputs are only ___ at NMJ
Are ___ and ___ at central synapses

Answer 7

Excitatory
Both
excitatory
Inhibitory

Question 8

Ionotropic synapses:
Neurotransmitter at NMJ=
At central synapses=

Answer 8

Only ACh

Variety

Question 9

Ionotropic synapses:
Receptor type at NMJ=
Receptor type at central synapses=

Answer 9

Nicotinic

Variety

Question 10

Ionotropic synapses:
Efficiency at NMJ=
Efficiency at Central synapses

Answer 10

High—every AP produces AP at muscle fiber

Modest—(50-100 neurons should fire to produce post synaptic potential) to trigger AP

Question 11

Neurons that release ___ typically a to on receptors that produce excitation

Answer 11

Glutamate

Question 12

Neurons that release glutamate typically act on receptors that produce___

Answer 12

Excitation

Question 13

Neurons that release GABA or glycine acto on ___ ___ receptors

Answer 13

Ionotropic inhibitory

Question 14

Neurons that release __ or ___ typically act upon ionotropic inhibitory receptors

Answer 14

GABA

Glycine

Question 15

2 most common type of synapses in CNS:

Answer 15

Gray type I

Gray type II

Question 16

Gray type I synapses are:
(Asymmetric/ Symmetric)
Usually (excitatory/ inhibitory)
Neurotransmitter is\_\_\_
And are AXO\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 16

Asymmetric
Excitatory
Glutamate
Axodendritic

Question 17

Gray type II synapses:
(Asymmetric/ Symmetric)
(Excitatory/ inhibitory)
Neurotransmitter\_\_\_
AXO\_\_\_

Answer 17

Symmetric
Inhibitory
Axosomatic

Question 18

Excitatory actions at chemical synapses open channels permeable to __ and ___

Answer 18

Na

K

Question 19

Chemical synapses opening to permeable channels to Na & K are __

Answer 19

Excitatory

Question 20

Main excitatory transmitter in CNS is :

Answer 20

Glutamate

Question 21

Glutamate is in ___ of brain neurons and is important to ___ and ___

Answer 21

70%
Learning
Memory

Question 22

2 types of glutamate receptors:
____ directly gated channels
___ indirectly gated channels (through secondary messengers)

Answer 22

Ionotropic

Metabotropic

Question 23

Ionotropic (directly gated) glutamate receptors:
Non-NMDA receptors are ___ channels
NMDA receptors are ___ channels

Answer 23

Na/ K

Na/ K/ Cl

Question 24

NMDA and non-NMDA channels are within ___ vicinity of each other, the NMDA allows channels to stay open (shorter/ longer) periods of time

Answer 24

Close

Longer

Question 25

NMDA glutamate receptors are ___ and ___ gated are the channels is permeable to ___, ___, ___

Answer 25

``` Ligand gated Voltage gated Ca K Na ```

Question 26

___ is inhibitory to NMDA receptors

Answer 26

Glycine (as a cofactor)

Question 27

NMDA voltage dependent is blocked by extracellular ___ and needs ___ and depolarization to open

Answer 27

Mg | Glutamate

Question 28

Inhibitory actions at many chemical synapses result in opening ion channels selective for___

Answer 28

Cl

Question 29

GABA is mostly found in the ___ | Glycine is mostly found int the ___

Answer 29

Brain | CNS

Question 30

Ionotropic GABAa receptor is permeable to___

Answer 30

Cl

Question 31

Metabotropic GABAb receptor increases ___ permeability OR ___ voltage-gated Ca channels

Answer 31

K | Inhibits

Question 32

Depression can be ___ of GABA

Answer 32

Excess

Question 33

Anxiety/ panic attack can be ___ of GABA

Answer 33

Deficit

Question 34

Benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol bind to ___ receptors enhancing the ___ flow through the channels

Answer 34

GABAa | Cl

Question 35

Glycine receptor channel consists of 3 ___ and 2 ___ subunits

Answer 35

alpha | Beta

Question 36

Glycine binds primarily to ___ subunit

Answer 36

alpha

Question 37

5-HT=

Answer 37

Serotonin

Question 38

5-HT is an (EXCITATORY/ INHIBITORY) synaptic transmission in certain areas of the brain

Answer 38

Excitatory

Question 39

Excitatory=

Answer 39

Depolarization

Question 40

5-HT is permeable to __ and ___

Answer 40

Na | K

Question 41

Most serotonin receptors are G-coupled receptors=

Answer 41

Metabotropic

Question 42

ATP receptors are permeable to___, __, and ___

Answer 42

Na K Ca

Question 43

ACH, GABA, And Glycine each have ___ subunit receptor channels

Answer 43

5

Question 44

Glutamate receptor channels have __ subunits

Answer 44

4

Question 45

ATP receptor channels have ___ subunits

Answer 45

3

Question 46

Each neuron forms synapses with ___ and receives input from ___

Answer 46

Many others | Many others

Question 47

EPSP=

Answer 47

Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential

Question 48

IPSP=

Answer 48

Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential

Question 49

2 passive properties of neurons affect on summation:

Answer 49

Time constant | Length constant

Question 50

Time constant affects:

Answer 50

Temporal summation

Question 51

Length constant affects:

Answer 51

Spatial summation

Question 52

There are 2 types of axodendritic synapses. | Axodendritic synapses are typically ___

Answer 52

Spine synapse Shaft synapse Excitatory

Question 53

Axoaxonic dendrites are typically:

Answer 53

Inhibitory

Question 54

Dendrites have voltage-gated ___, ___, and __ channels to ____ small EPSPs.

Answer 54

Na K Ca Amplify

Question 55

Dendritic spines are highly specialized ___ zones

Answer 55

Input zones

Question 56

Dendritic neck regulates ___ concentrations to prevent ___ within the dendritic spine.

Answer 56

Ca | Toxicity

Question 57

Synapses on cell bodies are often (EXCITATORY/ INHIBITORY)

Answer 57

Inhibitory

Question 58

Synapses on axon __ are often modulators

Answer 58

Terminals