synaptic transmission Flashcards
(38 cards)
how is information transmitted through chemical messengers
neurotransmitters
what is the main excitatory neurotransmitter
glutamate
where is glutamate releases
sensory neurons in the cerebral cortex
how much glutamate is required to excite neighboring cells
a small amount
all glutamate released from the cell is picked up by what
glutamate transporter molecules
what is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA
what is another name for GABA
gamma aminobutyric acid
where is GABA released
neurons of the spinal cord, cerebellum, basal ganglia
what does GABA do
reduce activity in the CNS, produce a calming effect
abnormally low levels of GABA can lead to what
anxiety
is dopamine excitatory or inhibitory
both
where is dopamine released
substantia nigra
what does dopamine play a role in
brains reward system
what does dopamine inhibit the release of
prolactin
dopamine brings up feelings of
pleasure and wakefulness
what does dopamine coordinate in the brain
voluntary movement
epinephrine is responsible for the bodies what
fight or flight response
where is epinephrine released
chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla
is epinephrine excitatory or inhibitory
excitatory
is serotonin inhibitory or excitatory
inhibitory
where is serotonin released
neurons of the brainstem and the GI tract
what does serotonin do
GI tract - release feelings of satisfaction after eating
brain - influences mood, promotes feeling of wellbeing and happiness
regulates body temp, sleep cycle, pain perception
is acetylcholine excitatory or inhibitory
excitatory
where is acetylcholine released
motor neurons, basal ganglia, pre-ganglionic neurons of ANS, postganglionic neurons of the PNS, postganglionic neurons of sympathetic nervous system (innervates sweat glands)
