Syntax

Question 1

grammar

Answer 1

actual use of a language

Question 2

clause

Answer 2

kernel sentence with a finite verb

Question 3

small clause

Answer 3

basic verb without finite info

Question 4

head

Answer 4

the most important element of a phrase

Question 5

noun phrases

Answer 5

phrases headed by a noun

Question 6

projections

Answer 6

the head projects its properties onto the phrase as a whole

Question 7

phrase-structure rules

Answer 7

basis of rules that build syntactic structures

Question 8

subordinate clauses

Answer 8

sentences within sentences

Question 9

sentences

Answer 9

the largest syntactic units made up of one or more clauses

Question 10

main clause

Answer 10

clauses that can stand on their own

Question 11

predicate

Answer 11

refers to everything in a sentence apart from the subject

Question 12

predicator

Answer 12

the main verb in a sentence

Question 13

subject-verb agreement

Answer 13

a syntactic process that requires subject and verb to share the same person and number features

Question 14

case forms

Answer 14

forms that mark the grammatical function of noun phrases in a sentence or phrase

Question 15

transitive verbs

Answer 15

verbs that need an object

Question 16

intransitive verbs

Answer 16

verbs that cannot take an object

Question 17

direct object

Answer 17

the object that undergoes the action or process denoted by the verb

Question 18

ditransitive verbs

Answer 18

verbs that can take two objects

Question 19

indirect object

Answer 19

the recipient or the beneficiary of the event denoted by the verb

Question 20

adverbials

Answer 20

constituents that provide info about the circumstances of the action denoted by the verb and its subject and objects

Question 21

complement

Answer 21

semantically and structurally highly dependent sister constituents of heads

Question 22

predicative complements

Answer 22

do not behave like objects also in an important other respect, and cannot be passivized

Question 23

syntax

Answer 23

the structure of sentences

Question 24

linguistic grammar

Answer 24

the complete system of phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic info and rules that speakers of a given language possess

Question 25

structure

Answer 25

organized combination of mutually connected and dependent parts or elements

Question 26

study of syntax

Answer 26

investigates the parts of sentences and their connections and dependencies

Question 27

pronominalization

Answer 27

the substitution of a constituent by a pronoun

Question 28

pro-form

Answer 28

used interchangeably with the established term pronoun

Question 29

movement

Answer 29

test for constituency

Question 30

coordination test

Answer 30

only constituents that can be coordinated by the coordinating conjunction "and"

Question 31

gapping behavior

Answer 31

the tag question leaves a gap where missing info can be inserted

Question 32

sentence-fragment test

Answer 32

being able to answer questions about respective sentence fragments

Question 33

structural ambiguity

Answer 33

multiple interpretations of a string of words

Question 34

four criteria for objecthood

Answer 34

pronoun case morphology, sentential position, obligatoriness, and passivization

Question 35

demonstrative determiners

Answer 35

always have the same form as the demonstrative heads

Question 36

wh-pronoun

Answer 36

interrogative pronouns

Question 37

matrix clause

Answer 37

a superordinate clause in a complex sentence

Question 38

basic functions of sentential constituents

Answer 38

subject, predicate, object, and adverbial

Question 39

adverb

Answer 39

the name of a word-class

Question 40

adverbial

Answer 40

the name of a sentence function