Syntax 322: Ch 4, Structural Relations

Question 1

BRANCH:

Answer 1

A line connecting two parts of a tree.

Question 2

NODE:

Answer 2

The end of a branch.

Question 3

LABEL:

Answer 3

The name given to a node. For example: TP, NP, N, VP, V…

Question 4

PROPER DOMINATION:

Answer 4

Node A dominates node B if and only if node A is higher up in the tree that node B, and if you can trace a branch from A going to B only downwards.

So TP will dominate everything in the tree.

Question 5

IMMEDIATE DOMINATION:

Answer 5

Node A immediately dominates node B if there is no intervening node G that is dominated by A but dominates B.

In other words, A is the first node that dominates B.

A immediately dominates nodes at the end of its branches.

Question 6

MOTHER:

Answer 6

A is the mother of B if A immediately dominates B.

Question 7

DAUGHTER:

Answer 7

B is the daughter of A if B is immediately dominated by A.

Question 8

SISTERS:

Answer 8

Two nodes that share the same mother.

Question 9

ROOT NODE:

Answer 9

The node that dominates everything but is dominated by nothing. Or the node that is a daughter of no other node.

Question 10

NON-TERMINAL NODE:

Answer 10

A node that dominates something. Or a node that is a mother.

Question 11

TERMINAL NODE:

Answer 11

A node that dominates nothing. A node that is not a mother.

Question 12

EXHAUSTIVE DOMINATION:

Answer 12

Node A exhaustively dominates a set of terminal nodes {B, C, D …} provided it dominates all the members of the stet (so that there is no member of that set that is not dominated by A) and there is no terminal node G dominated by A that is not a member of that set.

Question 13

CONSTITUENT:

Answer 13

A set of terminal nodes exhaustively dominated by a particular node.

Question 14

CONSTITUENT OF:

Answer 14

The opposite of domination. A is a constituent of B if and only if B dominates A.

Question 15

IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENT OF:

Answer 15

A is an immediate constituent of B if and only if B immediately dominates A.

Question 16

SISTER-PRECEDENCE:

Answer 16

Precedence encodes linear order of constituents.

Node A sister-precedes node B if and only if both are immediately dominated by the same node and A appears to the left of B.

Question 17

PRECEDENCE:

Answer 17

Node A precedes node B if and only if neither A dominates B nor B dominates A and A (or some node dominating A) sister-precedes B (or some node dominating B).

Node A precedes node B if and only if neither dominates the other and A (or some node dominating A) sister-precedes B (or some node dominating B).

In: “the clown kissed the doberman”…

• clown precedes kissed
• clown precedes doberman

Question 18

NO CROSSING BOUNDARIES CONTRAINT:

Answer 18

If node X precedes another node Y then X and all nodes dominated by X must precede Y and all nodes dominated by Y.

Question 19

IMMEDIATE PRECEDENCE:

Answer 19

A immediately precedes B is there is no node G that follows A but precedes B.