Syntax and Semantics II

Question 1

Agent

Answer 1

The one who is doing the action

Question 2

Patient

Answer 2

The one who is receiving the action and is affected by it

Question 3

Experiencer

Answer 3

Participant of whats going on but perceives some sensation or reacts tp whats going on

Question 4

Theme

Answer 4

Event participant that the agents actions are directed to but they are not appreciable change of state

Question 5

Location

Answer 5

The literal spatial location

Question 6

Instrument

Answer 6

An object used to carry out the action by the AGENT

Question 7

Recipient

Answer 7

The one receiving an object or abstract object

Question 8

Benficiary

Answer 8

An event participant that benefits or is harmed by the agent’s actions

Question 9

Active Voice

Answer 9

The agent is the subject of the phrase (ex. the dig bit me)

Question 10

Passive Voice

Answer 10

The patient is the subject of the phrase (ex. I was bitten by the dog)

Question 11

Head

Answer 11

The element of a unit that defines the function of the unit

The head varies depending on the type of phrase we are dealing with

Question 12

Dependent

Answer 12

Sub units that “depend” on the head, anchored to the head.

Question 13

Modifier

Answer 13

Gives information about the event but is not a participant

Question 14

Clause

Answer 14

Consists of a predicate (usually a verb) and one or more arguments

Question 15

Phrase

Answer 15

a group of words that serve a specific function in a clause, it is a piece of a clause

Question 16

Noun Phrase

Answer 16

A phrase headed by a noun

NP

Question 17

Apposition Phrase

Answer 17

Headed by an apposition (preposition or post-position)

PP

Question 18

Adjective Phrase

Answer 18

Headed by an adjective

AdjP

Question 19

Adverbial Phrase

Answer 19

Headed by an adverb

AdvP

Question 20

Verb Phrase

Answer 20

Headed by a verb, can be considered a clause

VP

Question 21

Constituent

Answer 21

Phrases that can be substituted for single words in a clause

Question 22

Head Clause Level

Answer 22

The head on the clause level is usually the verb (connecting the phrases)

Question 23

Head Phrase Level

Answer 23

The head on a phrase level is usually the noun of the phrase

Question 24

Noun Phrase

Answer 24

Phrase headed by a noun.

The head of the phrase is the noun that is being described

Noun Phrase modifiers
1. Possessors
2. Nouns
3. Adjectives
4. Determiners

Question 25

Determiner

Answer 25

Type of modifier - something that points to a specific noun (the, an, a, etc)

Question 26

Possesors

Answer 26

Type of modifier - shows possession ('s)

Question 27

Heavy modifiers

Answer 27

Follows the noun head and consists of more than one word

Question 28

Simple Modifers

Answer 28

Comes before the noun they modify but after the determiner.

Question 29

Appositional Phrase

Answer 29

A phrase that is headed by an apposition (preposition or post-position) usually oblique objects

Question 30

Prepositional Phrase

Answer 30

Head is a preposition Usually at the end of a clause Modifiers of Prepositional Phrases 1. Other prepositional phrases 2. Noun phrase 3. Adjective 4. Adverb

Question 31

Complement

Answer 31

Complement is a phrase that is required by another phrase An noun phrase is a complement of a prepositional phrase (Ex. the top shelf (NP) is a complement to on the top shelf (PP))

Question 32

Possessive Phrase

Answer 32

Possessor - the owner, reference noun phrase, the dependent Posessee - the thing being owned, the noun phrase that is being identified, the head

Question 33

Clause

Answer 33

A clause has a subject and a verb An independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone A dependent clause is an incomplete thought, it cannot stand alone

Question 34

Subordinate clause

Answer 34

A clause that cannot be on its own, it gives information regarding another part of the sentance

Question 35

Complement Clause

Answer 35

A complement clause adds information to the main clause and modifies the verb, adjective, or noun.

Question 36

Adverbial Clause

Answer 36

Adds additional information to the sentence that modifies the verb but on a bigger scale than a complement clause - its modifying the whole situation

Question 37

Relative Clause

Answer 37

A clause that is inside a noun phrase A relative clause modifies the noun. Which, who/whom, to whom

Question 38

Argument Roles

Answer 38

Agent, Experiencer, Patient, Instrument, etc.