Synthesis

Question 1

What is the purpose of anti-bumping granules

Answer 1

Allows the liquid to boil more gently

Question 2

Why is reflux used

Answer 2

Liquid reaction mixture needs boiling for a while Vapours condense and return to flask Avoids loss of reaction mixture

Question 3

Describe the procedure of reflux

Answer 3

Reactants into pear shaped flask Add anti-bumping granules Attach a condenser vertically to the the flask Cold water in condenser cools vapour Heat flask so mixture boils

Question 4

Describe the procedure of purification using a separating funnel

Answer 4

Run organic layer into conical flask If acidic impurities are present add NaHCO3 and shake If crude product is alkaline add dilute acid until mixture is neutral Dry crude product by adding a drying agent (anhydrous Na2SO4) and swirling Pure product can be obtained by distillation

Question 5

Why is distillation used

Answer 5

Separate a mixture of miscible liquids with unique boiling points Heating the mixture, each pure component is vaporised, condensed and collected

Question 6

Describe the process of distillation

Answer 6

Put mixture into pear shaped flask Add anti-bumping granules Heat mixture until it boils Collect pure product with conical flask

Question 7

Define volatility

Answer 7

How easy the liquid can vaporise