synthesis reaction pathways

Question 1

alkene —> alkane

1. type of reaction 2. reagents 3. conditions

Answer 1

1. hydrogenation
2. H2
3. nickel catlyst & 150 C

Question 2

akene —> haloalkane
CHECK

1. type of reaction 2. reagents 3. conditions

Answer 2

1. electrophilic addition
2. hydrogen halide
3. room temperature

Question 3

haloalkane —> alkene

1. type of reaction 2. reagents 3. conditions

Answer 3

1. elimination
2. alcoholic alkali eg. NaOH/KOH
3. reflux

Question 4

alkene —> alcohol

1. type of reaction 2. reagents 3. conditions

Answer 4

1. hydration
2. H2O
3. heat (300-600) & H3PO4 catalyst (phophoric acid)

Question 5

alcohol —> aldehdye

1. type of reaction 2. reagents 3. conditions

Answer 5

1° alcohol
1. oxidation
2. K2Cr2O7
3. distilation

Question 6

alcohol —> alkene

1. type of reaction 2. reagents 3. conditions

Answer 6

1. dehydration
2. c.H3PO4
3. heat

Question 7

alcohol —> carboxylic acid

1. type of reaction 2. reagents 3. conditions

Answer 7

1° alcohol
1. oxidation
2. K2Cr2O7
3. reflux

Question 8

aldehyde —> carboxylic acid

1. type of reaction 2. reagents 3. conditions

Answer 8

1° alcohol
1. oxidation
2. K2Cr2O7
3. reflux

Question 9

alcohol —> ketone

1. type of reaction 2. reagents 3. conditions

Answer 9

2° alcohol
1. oxidation
2. K2Cr2O7
3. reflux

Question 10

haloalkane —> alcohol
(with use of water)

1. type of reaction 2. reagents 3. conditions

Answer 10

1. hydrolisis
2. H2O
3. heated in a water bath

Question 11

haloalkane —> alcohol
(with use of aqueous alkali)

1. type of reaction 2. reagents 3. conditions

Answer 11

1. hydrolisis
2. 50/50 mixture of ethanol and water + aqeous alkali (ethanol needed to dissolve the halogenoalkane (insoluble in water))
3. heat under reflux

Question 12

alcohol —> haloalkane

Bromination, Chlorination-1°&2°and 3°, Iodination

1. type of reaction 2. reagents 3. conditions

Answer 12

Bromination
1. nucelophilic substitution/bromination
2. KBr + 50% c.H2SO4
3. warm
Chlorination 1° and 2°:
1. nucelophilic substitution/chlorination
2. PCl5 Phosophorus pentachloride
3. room temp
Chlorination 3°:
1. nucelophilic substitution/chlorination
2. c.HCl
3. shaken
Iodination:
1. nucelophilic substitution/iodination
2. Red phosphorus + I2
3. heating under reflux

Question 13

haloalkane —> amine

1. type of reaction 2. reagents 3. conditions

Answer 13

1. nucleophilic substiution
2. alocoholic ammonia
3. heat in a sealed tube

Question 14

haloalkane —> nitrile

1. type of reaction 2. reagents 3. conditions

Answer 14

1. substitution nucleophilic
2. KCN-
3. ethanol

Question 15

alkane —> haloalkane

1. type of reaction 2. reagents 3. conditions

Answer 15

1. free radical subsitution
2. halogen
3. UV