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SysOps Flashcards

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1
Q

What is RDS Multi-AZ

A

Provisions and maintains a standby replica in an alternate AZ

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2
Q

Is RDS Multi-AZ synchronous or asynchronous replication?

A

synchronous

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3
Q

Is multi-az a tool to help performance?

A

No. Only fault tolerance

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4
Q

Is RDS Multi-AZ a customer, or AWS responsibility?

A

AWS. It is a managed service

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5
Q

What two ways can multi-az RDS be turned on?

A

Console or API

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6
Q

True or false. Replication can cause higher write latency?

A

True. Provisioned IOPS is recommended to solve this issue.

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7
Q

What can trigger an RDS failover?

A

Loss of availability in the primary
Loss of network connectivity to the primary
Resource failure with the underlying virtualization
Storage failure
DB instance server type is changed
maintenance

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8
Q

How is an RDS failover completed?

A

DNS is automatically updated to point to the standby

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9
Q

How can you be notified of a failover event?

A

RDS Event Notification will notify via email or SMS
API or console to manually check events
API or console to check the state of multi-az

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10
Q

What does RDS Event Notifications use to notify?

A

Amazon SNS

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11
Q

To which RDS event catagories can you subscribe?

A 
DB instance
DB snapshot
DB parameter group
DB security group
DB Instances
DB Cluster
DB Cluster Snapshot
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12
Q

True or false: New EBS Volumes operate at maximum performance?

A

True

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13
Q

When would an EBS volume initialization NOT perform at max?

A

Snapshot restores do not operate at maximum

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14
Q

How do you ensure EBS snapshot restores operate at maximum performance?

A

Initialize it by reading all the blocks.

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15
Q

What utilities can be used to initialize EBS snapshot restored volumes?

A

dd (dee-dee)

fio (fi-yo)

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16
Q

How can you resize the root volume?

A

Create a snapshot
Create a volume
Stop instance and detach current colume
Attach new volume at same mount point

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17
Q

An organization configures ELB with auto-scaling. If an instance health check returns impaired, what will auto-scaling do?

A

Terminate the instance and launch a new one

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18
Q

How can you need to troubleshoot an application with autoscaling, how can you do this without triggering scaling activities?

A

You can suspend scaling. This is referred to as an administrative suspension.

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19
Q

How can autoscaling be suspended via the console?

A

Under suspended processes in the details tab of the auto-scaling group.

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20
Q

What is Amazon Import/Export?

A

An AWS service that allows you to mail portable media to Amazon who will then upload your data on your behalf. Typically used for large amounts of data.

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21
Q

Do all consolidated billing members get reserved instance pricing when any one account member has reserved instances?

A

Yes, as long as they are of the same size and in the same zone.

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22
Q

During a new EC2 launch, what is AWS’s recommendation for availability zone selection?

A

Leave blank and let AWS select the AZ. When creating new EC2 instances for failover, then manually select an AZ.

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23
Q

Does SNS support detailed monitoring?

A

No, only basic monitoring.

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24
Q

in a multi-region EC2 deployment, how can high availability be configured with minimal downtime that optimizes application response time?

A

Create a route-53 latency-based routing record set that resolves to ELBs in each region and has the Evaluate Target Health flag set to true.

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25
True or false: During an auto-scaling rebalancing operation, EC2 instances are terminated before new ones are initialized?
False. New EC2 instances are created prior to terminating an instance.
26
Since auto-scaling creates an instance prior to terminating an instance, how is auto-scaling rebalancing possible when an auto-scale instance capacity is at max?
Rebalancing operations can exceed maximum auto-scaling instance capacity by 10%, or by 1 instance, whichever is greater.
27
To which of the below end points is SNS unable to notify? Email JSON HTTP SQS SES
SES
28
How can one account join a consolidated billing organization?
The payee (Master account) must request the linked account to join, then the linked account must accept. Once done, the bills will be paid by the payee account.
29
When ELB connection draining is enabled, what is the minimum and maximum keep-alive for existing connections?
1 to 3600 seconds (1 hour)
30
during ELB connection draining, what happens to existing an existing connection after the keep-alive time out period is passed?
The connection is forcibly closed
31
What statistics aggregation does CloudWatch suport?
``` Sum Min Max Sample Average ```
32
In a Hardware Security Model (HSM) what is the function of the Transport Data Encryption (TDE)?
Reduce the risk of confidential data theft
33
Which Elastic Beanstalk deployment method allows you to revert to the previous good deployment by swapping URLs?
blue/green depolyments
34
What are some tools for automating the implementation of applications on top of cloud resources?
AWS OpsWorks, or third party tools such as Chef, Puppet, or Anisble
35
What is the difference between fault tolerance and high availability?
High availability concerns the automated replacement of failed resources within a reasonable amount of time. Fault tolerant concerns the ability of an application to withstand loss without any downtime.
36
How would you create an alert if you exceeded your monthly budget before the month ends?
Enable notifications under the Budget capabilities
37
Which AWS Cloud service would you use to import an existing VM into EC2?
VM Import/Export
38
What are some tools used to view current billing and cost breakdown?
Cost explorers and Bills
39
What is the maximum memory that can be allocated to a single function?
3008MB
40
In Lambda, what are the memory allocation increments?
64MB
41
What is the default limit for conncurrent Lambda executions?
1000
42
What is the maximum GET/PUT rate for S3 before special considerations are needed for scaling?
3500/s PUT/POST/DELETE per prefix | 5500/s GET per prefix
43
What 2 simple ways can you increase S3 performance?
Parralelize requests. | Use cloudfront
44
If an autoscaling group is set to double ona scale event, and the max instances is 12, what happens on the next scale event that has 8 instances?
The max instances will be reached (12). The scale event will not stay at 8, and it will not exceed 12.
45
How many tags can you assign per resource?
50
46
What languages does Lambda support?
``` Java Go PowerShell Node.js C3 Python Ruby ```
47
Can Bastion hosts be allocated EIP?
Yes
48
True or False: Bastion hosts are an AWS managed service?
False. Because Bastion host OS is accessed by customers, bastions are customer managed.
49
Which metrics would use to check how many of your application servers are available on a load balanced EC2 group?
HealthyHostCount
50
Which service does Systems Manager integrate with to give you visibility of the overall health of your AWS infrastructure?
CloudWatch
51
By default, how frequently are ELB metrics published to CloudWatch?
Every 1 minute
52
Which two classic load balancing metrics can you use to determine high-traffic related issues?
RequestCount | SpilloverCount
53
Which two metrics for ELB can be used to determine if you have reached maximum connections for your load balancer?
SurgeQueueLength | SpilloverCount
54
What is the maximum IOPS for Nitro instance storage?
80,000
55
What is the maximum IOPS for Nitro EBS storage?
64,000
56
In IAM, if a rule has an explicit deny and an explicit allow, which rule will override the other?
Explicit deny
57
What are the 4 types of IAM Roles?
1. AWS Service Roles 2. AWS Service-linked roles 3. Roles for cross-account access 4. Role for identity provider access
58
What is an AWS Service Role
A role that allows access to AWS services
59
What is an AWS Service-linked Role
Roles that allow permission to spcialized services such as Alexa
60
What is Cross-Zone Load Balancing in ELB?
distributes traffic evenly across all targets in the Availability Zones

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