System Suitability and Introduction To Instrumental Methods of Analysis

Question 1

Based on the concept that the equipment, electronics,
analytical operations, and samples to be analyzed
constitute an integral systems that can be evaluated

Answer 1

SYSTEM SUITABILITY

Question 2

Established for a particular procedure depending on the
type of procedure being evaluated

Answer 2

SYSTEM SUITABILITY

Question 3

Important in the case of chromatographic procedures

Answer 3

SYSTEM SUITABILITY

Question 4

System suitability parameters are established from
evaluation of _____________ and _____________ to ensure that
validity of the analytical procedure is maintained whenever
used

Answer 4

robustness and ruggedness

Question 5

• Intermediate Precision

Answer 5

Ruggedness

Question 6

T/f: System suitability is only performed on equipments

Answer 6

True

Question 7

T/F: there is no fixed testing method

Answer 7

True

Question 8

In this setting, Variations are pH of the mobile phase, the mobile phase
composition, different lots or suppliers of columns, the
temperature, and the flow rate

Answer 8

Liquid Chromatography

Question 9

Variations are different lots/ suppliers of columns, the
temperature, and the flow rate

Answer 9

Gas Chromatography

Question 10

This establishes universal guidelines

Answer 10

ICH - International Council for Harmonization

Question 11

Analytical methods are usually classified as being either

Answer 11

classical or instrumental.

Question 12

also known as wet-chemical
methods

Answer 12

classical methods

Question 13

In classical methods the measurement depends on the

Answer 13

chemical
properties of the sample

Question 14

is made to react completely with the analyte and
the relationship between the measured signal and the analyte concentration is determined by chemical
stoichiometry

Answer 14

reagent

Question 15

(Classical methid) Separation of components of interest in a sample is by

Answer 15

precipitation, extraction or distillation

Question 16

Qualitative analyses (classical methods) of the separated components are
performed based on

Answer 16

Colors, boiling or melting points, solubility in different
solvents, odors, optical activities or refractive indices
of products formed upon treatment with reagents

Question 17

Quantitative analysis (classical method) is done using

Answer 17

gravimetric or
volumetric measurements.

Question 18

Based on the measurement of physical or chemical
properties of the analyte.

Answer 18

INSTRUMENTAL METHODS

Question 19

In instrumental methods, separation of components of complex mixtures are
performed using

Answer 19

chromatography and electrophoretic

Question 20

in instrumental methods, Quantitative analysis is based on measurements of

Answer 20

physical properties

Question 21

conductivity, electrode potential,
light absorption or emission, mass-to-charge ratio and
fluorescence

Answer 21

Instrumental method quantitative analysis

Question 22

More suitable for analysis of
major constituents

Answer 22

Classical

Question 23

Used to certify analytical
standards

Answer 23

Classical

Question 24

Generally cheaper

Answer 24

Classical

Question 25

More accurate and precise

Answer 25

Classical

Question 26

More robust and less susceptible to environmental fluctuations

Answer 26

Classical

Question 27

Ability to perform trace analysis

Answer 27

Instrumental

Question 28

Most are multi-channel techniques

Answer 28

Instrumental

Question 29

Shorter analysis time

Answer 29

Instrumental

Question 30

Amenable to automation

Answer 30

Instrumental

Question 31

More samples may be analyzed quickly

Answer 31

Instrumental

Question 32

Less skill and training required

Answer 32

Instrumental

Question 33

An instrument for chemical analysis converts information about the physical or chemical characteristics of the analyte to information that can be manipulated and interpreted.

Answer 33

ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS

Question 34

An analytical instrument can be viewed as a ____________ between the system under study and the investigator.

Answer 34

communication device

Question 35

To retrieve the desired information from the analyte, it is necessary to provide a stimulus, which is usually in the form of electromagnetic, electrical, mechanical, or nuclear energy.

Answer 35

Principle of analytical instrument

Question 36

To retrieve the desired information from the analyte, it is necessary to provide a __________-

Answer 36

stimulus

Question 37

elicits a response from the system under study whose nature and magnitude are governed by the fundamental laws of chemistry and physics

Answer 37

stimulus

Question 38

consists of the chemical system interacting with the stimulus from the energy source which results in the production of an analytical signal reflecting the presence and usually the concentration of the analyte.

Answer 38

Signal generator

Question 39

transforms the analytical signal produced by the signal generator into an electrical signal.

Answer 39

Transducer or detector

Question 40

modifies and “cleans up” the electrical signal to make it more convenient to interpret.

Answer 40

Signal processor

Question 41

Finally, the converts the electrical signal to a form usable to the analyst.

Answer 41

Read-out device

Question 42

determines the relationship between the analytical response and the analyte concentration

Answer 42

Calibration

Question 43

calibration is determined by the use of

Answer 43

chemical standards

Question 44

Types of Calibration

Answer 44

(1) Comparison with standards, (2) External standard calibration, (3) Standard addition method, (4) Internal standard method.

Question 45

Comparison with standards may be done by direct ________ or ________

Answer 45

direct comparison or titrations

Question 46

In __________, the property of the analyte is compared with standards such that the property being tested matches the standard.

Answer 46

direct comparison

Question 47

are among the most accurate of all analytical procedures

Answer 47

Titrations

Question 48

e used to calibrate instruments and procedures when there are no interference effects from matrix components in the analyte solution.

Answer 48

External standards

Question 49

In external standard Calibration is accomplished by obtaining the _________________

Answer 49

response signal

Question 50

prepared by plotting the data or by fitting them to a suitable mathematical equation

Answer 50

calibration curve

Question 51

are particularly useful for analyzing complex samples in which the likelihood of matrix effects is substantial

Answer 51

Standard-addition methods

Question 52

adding one or more increments of a standard solution to sample aliquots containing identical volumes

Answer 52

“spiking”

Question 53

a substance that is added in a constant amount to all samples, blanks, and calibration standards in an analysis.

Answer 53

internal standard

Question 54

carries information about the analyte that is of interest to the scientist.

Answer 54

Signal

Question 55

made up of extraneous information that is unwanted because it degrades the accuracy and precision of an analysis and also places a lower limit on the amount of analyte that can be detected

Answer 55

Noise

Question 56

noise that arises from a host of uncontrollable variables that affect the chemistry of the system being analyzed

Answer 56

Chemical nois

Question 57

noise that is associated with each component of an instrumen

Answer 57

Instrumental noise

Question 58

t/f: Noise that is observed is usually a complex composite of several sources of noise that cannot be fully characterized.

Answer 58

true

Question 59

an equation that indicates the magnitude of an experimental effect above the effect of experimental error due to chance fluctuations

Answer 59

Signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio

Question 60

Signal to noise ratio

Answer 60

Quanti limit = 10:1 Detection limit = 2:1 or 3:1

Question 61

an international non-profit organization that aims to develop guidelines via a process of scientific consensus with regulatory and industry experts working together

Answer 61

International Council for Harmonisation (ICH)

Question 62

a process in which variations among the observed sampling results cannot be attributed to a constant system of chance causes

Answer 62

Out-of-control process

Question 63

a result that falls outside established acceptance criteria which have been established in official compendia

Answer 63

Out of specifications (OOS) result

Question 64

a time-dependent result which falls outside a prediction interval or fails a statistical process control criterion

Answer 64

Out of trend (OOT) result

Question 65

the metric, specification, gauge, statement, category or physical product sample against which the outputs of a process are compared and declared acceptable or unacceptable

Answer 65

Standard

Question 66

a list of tests, references to analytical procedures, and appropriate acceptance criteria that are numerical limits, ranges, or other criteria for the test described. It establishes the set of criteria to which a material should conform to be considered acceptable for its intended use

Answer 66

Specification

Question 67

used to verify that the test system will perform in accordance with the criteria set forth in the procedure. The tests are based on the concept that the equipment, electronics, analytical operations, and samples analyzed constitute an integral system that can be evaluated as such.

Answer 67

System suitability test