Systematics Flashcards
- an evolved discipline in science; the big picture of taxonomy
- Science of biological classification
- Study of organic diversity
systematics
the general problem statement that systematics answers
“What are the interrelationships among organisms?”
Recognition of basic units of biological diversity in nature, usually called ___.
species
refers to any level of biological classifications
taxon
the study of bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts)
Bryology
the study of orchids
Orchidology
the study of mammals, class Mammalia
mammalogy
Formal hierarchic classifications of plants and animals published by ____
Linnaeus
Formalization of the theory of organic evolution by _____ and ____
Charles Darwin; Alfred Russel Wallace
why do we need systematics?
correct taxonomic information
formal description, identification, naming, and classification
- correct taxonomic information
- formal description, identification, naming, and classification
a tree that has the potential to treat cancer and developed a lifesaving compound
Pacific Yaw Tree
an invading wood-decaying fungus induces ______ accumulation by ______ and formation of the hydrophobic bodies that contain _____ by the endophyte.
Taxol; Paraconiothyrium; Taxol
Blackwelder and Boyden (1952), indicated three steps for systematics
- recording data;
- analysis of the data for making classifications;
- synthesis of generalizations for insights into its phylogeny
What is systematics according to Wheeler (2005)?
“the production of cladograms that link taxa through their observed variation”
the theoretical study of its classification, including its bases, principles, procedures, and rules.
taxonomy
the scientific study of the kinds and diversity of organisms and of any and all relationships among them.
systematics
The naming of groups of organisms and the rules governing the application of these names together
nomenclature
ICBN meaning
International Code of Biological Nomenclature
ICN meaning
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
ICZN meaning
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
highlights clades and phylogenetic description
phylogenetic codes
identification and nomenclature are part of
classification
based on overall similarities
Phenetic Classification
- based on evolutionary history, or pattern of - descent, which may or may not correspond to overall similarity
- the primary goal of systematics
- represented in the form of a cladogram (phylogenetic tree)
phylogenetic classification
