systemic disease Flashcards
(31 cards)
what is diabetic nephropathy
microvascular complication that develops over time due to metabolic and vascular effects
what are the symptoms of diabetic nephropathy
renal hypertrophy inflammation proteinuria microalbuminuria haematuria tubule-interstital fibrosis
what is the investigations of diabetic nephropathy
urinalysis
U&Es
biopsy if haematuria is present
what is ischaemic neuropathy
reduced GFR associated with reduced renal blood flow beyond the level of auto regulatory compensation
what is hypertensive neuropathy
reduction in renal perfusion pressure activates a series of hormonal and neuronal responses that raise systemic BP
who is affected by renal artery stenosis
males >50
what are the symptoms of renal stenosis
hypertension AKI after hypertension treatment flash pulmonary oedema abdominal bruit discrepancy in kidney size
what are the investigations of renal stenosis
US
CT or MRI angiography
what is the treatment of renal stenosis
statin
ACEI (unless bilateral)
anti-platelet angioplasty ± stenting
who is affected by fibromuscular dysplasia
females 15-50
what is fibromuscular dysplasia
non-inflammatory disease of the blood vessels that causes abnormal growth within the wall of an artery
what vessels are affected by fibromuscular dysplasia
both renal arteries (common)
cerebral arteries
what is dysproteinaemia
overproduction of immunoglobulins by clonal expansion of cells from B-cell linage
what is myeloma
cancer of plasma cells responsible for producing antibodies
what causes renal dysfunctional myeloma
monoclonal production of abnormal antibodies (paraproteins)
what is the classical presentation of myeloma
back pain + renal failure
what are the other symptoms of myeloma
anaemia hypercalcaemia bone pain weakness/fatigue weight loss
what are the renal symptoms of myeloma
monoclonal Ig deposits in glomeruli
dehydration
hypercalcaemia
what are the investigations of myeloma
bloods = light chains urine = bence jones proteins bone marrow biopsy renal biopsy skeletal survey
what is the treatment of myeloma
chemo
stem cell transplant
plasma exchange
what is small vessel vasculitis, who is usually affected
inflammation of the blood vessels
50-70
what are the types of small vessel vasculitis
GPA
microscopic polyangiitis
churg-strauss
what are the symptoms of small vessel vasculitis
systemic symptoms renal involvement skin involvement = Churg-strauss resp involvment = GPA saddle nose = GPA
what are the investigations of small vessel vasculitis
ANCA
anti-MPO = microscopic polyangiitis
anti-PR3 = GPA
