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Systems 1 Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Mechanical vs chemical

A

Mechanical physically breaks stuff down ( eg. teeth )
Chemical chemically breaks stuff down ( eg. saliva, stomach acid )

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2
Q

Peristalsis

A

The involuntary movement of the esophagus to push stuff down

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3
Q

Overall function of digestion

A

To provide nutrients for the body

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4
Q

Which organs make up the digestive system

A

the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder

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5
Q

The job of each organ in the digestion system

A

The mouth takes in the food
The esophagus pushes the food down into the stomach
The stomach breaks down food chemically with stomach acid
Food goes through the small intestine and absorbs through the intestines wall to enter the bloodstream
The large intestine absorbs remaining liquid from indigestible food
The liver produces bile, which helps break down fats
The gallbladder stores bile
The pancreas produces insulin which helps regulate the sugar levels in the bloodstream
The anus gets rid of the waste

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6
Q

Macro Molecules

A

The raw materials (particles of food) that the human body needs to provide energy and perform all cellular functions. They make up body fluid circulate and as cytoplasm (mainly water 60%)

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7
Q

Interstitial fluid ~ Blood Fluid

Inorganic

A

water, phosphates, hydrogen ions, sodium ions

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8
Q

Interstitial fluid ~ Blood Fluid

organic

A

carbon bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen

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9
Q

Carbohydrates

A

A fast, important, source of energy
Glucose

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10
Q

Lipids

A

Butter, oil, cholesterol
Provides long term energy, insulation
Glycerol

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11
Q

Proteins

A

Meats, beans, and cheese
Immune function
Amino acids

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12
Q

Monosaccharides

A

one molecule

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13
Q

Disaccharides

A

two molecules

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14
Q

Polysaccharides

A

chains of three or more

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15
Q

Hydrolysis

A

a chemical reaction where water breaks down large molecules to small molecules, they then pass through cell membranes for the metabolic process. All macromolecules but nucleic acids

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16
Q

what do Enzymes do?

A

breaks down macromolecules into monomers (speeds up hydrolysis)

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17
Q

enzymes for Carbohydrates

A

Amylase (made in the mouth and pancreas)

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18
Q

enzymes for lipids

A

Lipase (made in the mouth, pancreas, and stomach)

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19
Q

enzymes for proteins

A

Protease (made in pancreas)

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20
Q

enzymes for nucleic acids

A

Nucleases (present in the pancreatic juice)

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21
Q

what is the purpose of the circulatory system?

A

the circulatory system is in charge of transporting oxygen and nutrients everywhere

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22
Q

Artery

Study These Flashcards
A

the heart pumps blood through arteries

23
Q

Vessels

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A

arteries branch off into blood vessels

24
Q

Capillaries

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A

small blood vessels are called capillaries. In capillaries blood exchanges with tissues

25
Veins
After the exchange, blood flows into veins then back to the heart
26
What is blood made up of?
Red and white blood cells, platelets, plasma
27
Coronary artery
Blood vessels that provide blood to the heart tissue
28
Coronary artery disease
Coronary arteries can become partially blocked with plague Plaque buildup can be caused by genetics, or poor lifestyle choices Symptoms include tiredness, dizziness, and a pain or burning sensation in the chest or arms
29
Heart attack
When the plague builds up so nothing can get through anymore. The heart is no longer able to get the nutrients and oxygen it needs. This is when the heart can stop and the heart tissue begins to die
30
Blood
The cell membrane of red blood cells contain special glycoproteins coded by genes The glycoproteins are called RBC antigens RBC antigens help your immune system recognize RBCs as a part of your system There are two types of RBC antigens, A and B. Your immune system tolerates your own RBC antigens, so you must get the same type or your blood will clump
31
Positive or negative?
If you have an RH factor (protein found on the surface of red blood cells) your blood will be positive if not negative
32
Cardiac Output
The volume of blood pumped by the heart (expressed as ml) It can indicate ~ the total level of work that muscles can perform, how easily the heart fills with blood, the capacity to swell from inside pressure within the ventricles
33
Lub Dub…
Hearts go “lub dub” Lub sound occurs when atrioventricular valves close Dub sound occurs when semilunar valves close
34
Systolic pressure
when the pressure in arteries reach max and the ventricles contract to push blood through
35
Diastolic pressure
when the pressure in the arteries are at the lowest and the ventricles are not contracting
36
equipment for finding blood pressure
a sphygmomanometer also known as a blood pressure cuff
37
Pulse rate
How many times your heart beats You can feel your pulse because the artery is close enough to the skin to feel it
38
what does the respiratory do?
To bring oxygen in and push carbon dioxide out
39
what organs make up the respiratory system?
the nose, mouth, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
40
Nose/mouth
To breath in oxygen
41
Pharynx
This is the throat, oxygen has to get through here to reach the trachea
42
Trachea
After passing through your pharynx, oxygen will travel down the trachea. Also known as the windpipe
43
Bronchi
At the lungs the trachea split into two branches called the bronchi
44
Lungs
Then the oxygen will pass into your lungs
45
Gas exchange
Each of the bronchi branch again and again, ending in tiny air sacs called alveoli The alveoli have very thin walls. Each alveolus is surrounded by a network of capillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide have only to diffuse through two thin walls: the walls of the capillaries and the walls of the alveoli
46
Diffusion
The concentration of oxygen in the blood that flows through the lungs is always less than the concentration of oxygen in the air in the alveoli. This means that oxygen always diffuses into the blood. As the blood picks up oxygen, it is quickly carried away to other parts of the body, where the oxygen diffuses out of the blood and into the cells. At the same time, excess carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells into the blood. It is then carried by the blood to the lungs, where it diffuses out into the air in the alveoli and is expelled to the outside.
47
Role of Cilia and Mucus
Some of the epithelial cells that line the trachea and bronchi produce mucus, similar to those in the digestive system. Many of the epithelial cells have cilia.Cilia help move mucus and filter out any foreign material that might enter the system.
48
Muscles involved
the diaphragm and intercostal muscles
49
Diaphragm
muscle under the lungs
50
Intercostal muscles
between the ribs
51
External respiration
exchange of gasses between lungs and blood
52
Internal respiration
exchange of gasses between the blood and cells
53
Cellular respiration
energy-releasing reactions in cells
54

Biology (13 decks)

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