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Step 1 Micro > Systems > Flashcards

Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Normal flora: skin

A

S. epidermidis

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2
Q

Normal flora: nose

A

S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus

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3
Q

Normal flora: orophatynx

A

Viridans group streptococci

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4
Q

Normal flora: dental plaque

A

Strep. mutans

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5
Q

Normal flora: colon

A

Bacteroides fragilis > E.coli

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6
Q

Normal flora: vagina

A

Lactobacillus
colonized by E. coi
Group B Strep

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7
Q

Food poisoning: contaminated seafood

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibro vulnificus

can cause wound infection from contact with contaminated water or shellfish

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8
Q

Food poisoning: reheated rice

A

Bacillus cereus (start and end quickly)

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9
Q

Food poisoning: meats, mayo, custard

A

S. aureus (preformed toxin; start and end quickly)

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10
Q

Food poisoning: reheated meat dishes

A

Clostridium perfringens

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11
Q

Food poisoning: improperly canned foods

A

C. botulinum

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12
Q

Food poisoning: undercooked meat

A

E. coli O157:H7

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13
Q

Food poisoning: poulty, meat, and eggs

A

Salmonella

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14
Q

Mimic appendicitis

A

Yersinia enterocoliticia (mesenteric adenitis)
Nontyphoidal Salmonella
Camplyobacter jejuni

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15
Q

Pneumonia in Neonates

A

(< 4wk)
Group B Strep
E. coli

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16
Q

Pneumonia in Children

A 
(4wk - 18 yr)
RSV
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia trachomatis (infants - 3 yr)
Chlamydia pneumoniae (school-age)
Strep pneumoniae
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17
Q

Pneumonia in Adults (18 - 40 yr)

A

Mycoplasma
C. pneumoniae
S. pneumoniae

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18
Q

Pneumonia in Adults (40 - 65 yr)

A 
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Anaerobes
Viruses
Mycoplasma
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19
Q

Pneumonia in Elderly

A 
S. pneumoniae
Influenza virus
Anaerobes
H. influenzae
Gram-negative rods
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20
Q

Pneumonia in nosocomial

A

Staph, enteric gram-negative rods

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21
Q

Pneumonia in immunocompromised

A

Staph, enteric gram-negative rods, fungi, viruses, Pneumocystis jirovecii (HIV)

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22
Q

Pneumonia in aspiration

A

anaerobes

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23
Q

Pneumonia in alcoholic/IV drug user

A

S. pneumoniae
Klebsiella
Staph

24
Q

Pneumonia in CF

A

Pseudomonas
S. aureus
S. pneumoniae

25
Postviral pneumonia
Staph H. influenzae S. pneumoniae
26
Atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma Legionella Chlamydia
27
Meningitis in newborn
(0-6 mo) Group B strep E. coli Listeria
28
Meningitis in children
``` (6 mo - 6 yr) S. pneumoniae N. meningitidis H. inflienzae type B Enteroviruses ```
29
Meningitis in 6-60 yr
S. pneumoniae N. meningitidis (#1 in teens) Enteroviruses HSV
30
Meningitis in 60+
S. pneumoniae Gram-negative rods Listeria
31
Osteomyelitis in sexually active
N. gonorrhoeae (rare), septic arthritis more common
32
Osteomyelitis in diabetic and IV drug userr
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Serratia
33
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
Salmonella
34
Osteomyelitis in prosthetic replacement
S. auerus and S. epidermidis
35
Osteomyelitis in vertebral disease
M. tuberculosis (Pott's disease)
36
Osteomyelitis in cat and dog bites/scratches
Pasteurella multocida
37
Congenital: Toxoplasma gondii
Transmission: cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat Maternal findings: usually asymptomatic; lympadenopathy Neonatal findings: chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications
38
Congenital: Rubella
Transmission: respiratory droplets Maternal findings: rash, lymphadenopathy, arthritis Neonatal findings: PDA, cataracts, and deafness +/- "blueberry muffin" rash
39
Congenital: CMV
Transmission: sexual contact, organ transplants Maternal: usually asymptomatic, mono-like Neonatal: hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, "blueberry muffin" rash
40
Congenital: HIV
Transmission: sexual contact, needlestick Maternal: depends on CD4 count Neonatal: recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea
41
Congenital: HSV-2
Transmission: skin or mucous membrane contact Maternal: usually asymptomatic; herpetic lesions Neonatal: encephalitis, herpetic lesions
42
Congenital: Syphilis
Transmission: sexual contact Maternal: chancre (primary); disseminated rash (secondary); these 2 stages likely to result in fetal infection Neonatal: stillbirth, hydrops fetalis; facial abnormalities (notched teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla), saber shins, CN VIII deafness
43
Rashes: Rubella
rash begins at head and moves down fine truncal rash postauricular lymphasenopathy
44
Rashes: Measles
rash beginning at the head and moving down | rash preceded by couch, coryza, conjunctivitis, and blue-white spots on buccal mucosa
45
Rashes: VZV
vesicular rash begins on trunk | spreads to face and extremities
46
Rashes: HHV-6
Roseola macular rash over body appears to after several days of high fever can present with febrile seizures usually affects infants
47
Rashes: Strep pyogenes
Scarlet fever erythematous, sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat
48
Rashes: Coxsackievirus type A
Hand-foor-mouth disease vesicular rash on palms and soles ulcers in oral mucosa
49
STD: Gonorrhea
urethritis, cervicitis, PID, prostatitis, epididymitis, arthritis, creamy purulent discharge
50
STD: Syphilis
Treponema pallidum Primary: painless chancre Secondary: fever, lymphadenopathy, skin rash, condylomata lata Tertiary: gummas, tabes dorsalis, general paresis, aortitis, Argyll Robertson pupil
51
STD: Chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi painful genital ulcer, inguinal adenopathy
52
STD: Genital herpes
HSV-2, less commonly HSV-1 painful penile, vulvar, or cervical vesicles and ulcers can cause systemic symptoms such as fever, headache, myalgia
53
STD: Chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis (D-K) urethritis, cervicitis, conjunctivitis, Reiter's syndrome, PID
54
STD: Lymphogranuloma venereum
C. trachomatis (L1-L3) infection of lymphatics; genital ulcers, lymphadenopathy, rectal strictures
55
STD: Trichomoniasis
Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis, strawberry-colored mucosa, motile in wet prep

Step 1 Micro (9 decks)

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