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Viruses Flashcards

(37 cards)

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1
Q

Live Vaccines

A 
Smallpox
Yellow Fever
Chickenpox
Sabin's polio
MMR
Influenza (intranasal)
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2
Q

Killed Vaccine

A

Rabies
Influenza (injected)
Salk polio
HAV

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3
Q

Positive-strand RNA viruses

A 
Retrovirus
Togavirus
Falvivirus
Coronavirus
Hepevirus
Calicivirus
Picornavirus
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4
Q

Naked viral genome infectivity

A 
all dsDNA (except pox and HBV)
(+) strand ssRNA
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5
Q

Viral replication - DNA viruses

A

all in nucleus (except pox)

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6
Q

Viral replication - RNA viruses

A

all in cytoplasm (expect influenza and retro)

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7
Q

Naked viruses

A 
Papillomavirus
Adenovirus
Picornavirus
Polyomavirus
Calcivirus
Parvovirus
Reovirus
Hepevirus
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8
Q

HSV-1

A

enveloped, dsDNA and linear

gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivitis, temporal lobe encephalities (most common cause in US); herpes labialis

latent in trigeminal ganglia

Transmission: respiratory secretions, saliva

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9
Q

HSV-2

A

enveloped, dsDNA and linear

herpes genitalis, neonatal herpes

latent in sacral ganglia

Transmission: sexual contact, perinatal

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10
Q

VZV

A

enveloped, dsDNA and linear

chickenpox, shingles, encephalitis, pneumonia

latent in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia

Transmission: respiratory secretions

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11
Q

EBV

A

enveloped, dsDNA and linear

infectious mono-
infects B cells –> fever, HSM, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy (posterior cervical nodes)
Peak incidence - 15-20 years
Atypical lymphocytes = cytotoxic T cells

Burkitt’s/Hodgkin’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma

latent in B cells

Transmission: respiratory secretions, saliva

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12
Q

CMV

A

enveloped, dsDNA and linear

congenital infection, mono (negative monospot), pneumonia, retinitis

“owl’s eye” inclusions

latent in mononuclear cells

Transmission: congenital, transfusion, sexual contact, saliva, urine, transplant

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13
Q

HHV-6

A

enveloped, dsDNA and linear

Roseola: high fevers for several days that can cause seizures, followed by diffuse macular rash

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14
Q

HHV-8

A

enveloped, dsDNA and linear

Kaposi’s sarcoma (HIV patients)

Transmission: sexual contact

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15
Q

Hepadnavirus

A

enveloped, dsDNA and partial circular

HBV -
acute or chronic hepatitis
vaccine available (contains surface antigen)
has reverse transcriptase

Transmission: parenteral, sexual, maternal-fetal; has carrier state

long incubation (months); increased risk of HCC (integrates into host genome –> oncogene)

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16
Q

Adenovirus

Study These Flashcards
A

naked dsDNA and linear

febrile pharyngitis - sore throat; acute hemorrhagic cystitis
pneumonia
conjuncitivitis (“pink eye”)

17
Q

Parvovirus

Study These Flashcards
A

naked ssDNA and linear (-) (smallest)

B19-
aplastic crisis in sickle cell

“slapped cheeks” rash in children - erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

RBC destruction in fetus –> hydrops fetalis and death

pure RBC aplasia and RA-like symptoms in adults

18
Q

Papillomavirus

Study These Flashcards
A

naked, dsDNA and circular

HPV-
warts (1, 2, 6, 11)
CIN
cervical cancer (16, 18, 31, 33)
vaccine available
19
Q

Polyomavirus

Study These Flashcards
A

naked, dsDNA and circular

JC virus - progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV

BK virus - transplant patients, commonly targets kidneys

20
Q

Poxvirus

Study These Flashcards
A

enveloped, dsDNA and linear (largest)

smallpox, although eradicated, could beused in germ warfare

Vaccinia - cow pox (“milkmaid’s blisters”)

Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesion with central dimple

21
Q

Reovirus

Study These Flashcards
A

naked, dsRNA linear (10-12 segments), icosahedral

coltivirus - Colorado tick fever

rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children

  • acute diarrhea in US during winter, especially in daycares
  • villous destruction with atrophy leads to decreased absorption of Na and loss of K

CDC recommends routine vaccination of all infants

22
Q

Picornaviruses

Study These Flashcards
A

naked, ssRNA (+) linear, icosahedral

PERCH
poliovirus
echovirus - aseptic meningitis
rhinovirus - common cold (acid labile - no GI infection)
coxsackievirus - aseptic meningitis; herpangina (mouth blisters, fever); hand, foot, and mouth disease; myocarditis
HAV - acute viral hepatitis

RNA is tranlated into 1 large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins

all expect rhinovirus and HAV cause aseptic meningitis
all expect rhinovirus have fecal-oral transmission

23
Q

Hepevirus

Study These Flashcards
A

naked, ssRNA (+) linear, icosahedral

HEV-
Transmission - fecal-oral, especially with waterborne epimedics

no carrier state, short incubation period, no increased risk for HCC

high mortality in pregnant women

24
Q

Caliciviruses

Study These Flashcards
A

naked, ssRNA (+) linear, icosahedral

norovirus - viral gastroenteritis

25
Flaviviruses
enveloped, ssRNA (+) linear, icosahedral ``` HCV Yellow fever Dengue St. Louis encephalitis West Nile virus ```
26
Yellow fever
enveloped, ssRNA (+) linear, icosahedral transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes (monkey and human reservoirs) Symptoms: high fever, black vomitus, and jaundice
27
HAV
naked, ssRNA (+) linear, icosahedral Transmission: fecal-oral no carrier state; short incubation; no increased risk for HCC usually asymptomatic, acute, alone (no carriers)
28
HCV
enveloped, ssRNA (+) linear, icosahedral Transmission: primarily blood, IVDU, post-transfusion carrier state, long incubation increases risk for HCC (chronic inflammation) chronic, cirrhosis, carcinoma, carrier
29
Arboviruses
``` coltivirus yellow fever dengue St. Louis encephalitis West Nile virus Eastern equine encephalitis Western equine encephalitis ```
30
Rubella
togavirus enveloped, ssRNA (+) linear, icosahedral German measles (3 day) fever, postauricular adenopathy, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias fine truncal rash that starts at head and moves down mild disease in children, but serious congenital infection
31
Retrovirus
enveloped, ssRNA (+) linear, HTLV (icosahedral) - T-cell leukemia HIV (complex and conical) - AIDS
32
Influenza
orthomyxovirus enveloped, ssRNA (-) linear (8 segments), helical hemagglutinin - promotes viral entry neuraminidase - promotes progeny virion release patients at risk for bacterial superinfection (S. pneumoniae, S. areus, H. influenzae)
33
Paramyxoviruses
enveloped, ssRNA (-) linear, helical Parainfluenza - croup RSV - bronchiolitis in babies; Rx - ribavirin Measles, Mumps contain surface F (fusion) protein, causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells Palivizumab (antibody against F protein) prevents pneumonia caused by RSV infection in premature infants
34
Measles
paramyxovirus enveloped, ssRNA (-) linear, helical Characteristics: Koplik spots (red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa) and descending maculopapular rash rash appears last - spreads from head to toe (includes hands and feet) Sequelae: SSPE (years later), encephalitis (1:2000), giant cell pneumonia (rarely, in immunosuppressed) 3 C's: cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
35
Mumps
paramyxovirus enveloped, ssRNA (-) linear, helical Symptoms: parotitis, orchitis, aseptic meningitis can cause sterility (especially after puberty)
36
Rabies
rhabdoviruses enveloped, ssRNA (-) linear, helical bullet-shaped virus Negri bodies are characteristic cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons (commonly in Purkinje cells of cerebellum) long incubation period (weeks to months) before symptoms onset Progression: fever, malaise --> agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia --> paralysis, coma --> death most commonly from bat, raccoon, and skunk than dog bites Postexposure treatment: would cleansing and vaccination +/- rabies immune globulin
37
HIV
enveloped, ssRNA (+) linear, diploid genome (2 molecules of RNA) ``` 3 structural proteins: env (gp120 and gp41) ---formed from cleavage of gp160 to form envelope proteins ---gp120 - attachment to host CD4 T cell ---gp41 - fusion and entry ``` gag (p24) - capsid protein pol - RT (dsDNA from RNA), aspartate protease, integrase virus binds CCR5 (early) or CXCR4 (late) co-receptor and CD4 on T cells; CD4 and CCR5 on macrophages

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