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Duchess Lili > Systems and Limitations > Flashcards

Systems and Limitations Flashcards

1
Q

Engines

A

Lycoming
Horizontally Opposed
Air Cooled
Normally Aspirated
Direct Drive
4-Cylinder
Carburated
180 horsepower at 2700 RPM

Left Engine: O-360 (clockwise)
Right Engine: LO-360 (Counter)

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2
Q

Oil

A

The engines use a wet-sump pressure type oil system with a maximum of 8 qts. and a minimum of 5 qts.

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3
Q

Propellers

A

Hartzell, 76 inch diameter, constant speed, full feathering, 2-bladed propellers.

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4
Q

Propeller Positioning

A

Springs and dome air pressure, aided by counterweights move the blades to high pitch (feathered) position

Engine oil under governor-boosted oil pressure moves the blades to the low pitch, high RPM position.

a feathered blade edge on into the wind.

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5
Q

What do the propeller controls in the cockpit allow the pilot to do

A

The propeller controls in the cockpit allow the pilot to select the governor’s RPM range.

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6
Q

What does the prop governor do?

A

Propeller RPM is controlled by the engine driven propeller governor which regulates oil pressure in the hub

Engine oil under governor-boosted oil pressure moves the blades to the low pitch, high RPM position

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7
Q

What if the propeller rotates faster than 700-800 rpm

A

The blades have centrifugal lock pins that retract into the blade bases. When the propeller is rotating faster than 700-800 RPM, these pins will remain in the blade bases and allow the propeller to move into the feather position.

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8
Q

What if the propeller rotates below 700-800 RPM

A

The blades have centrifugal lock pins that retract into the blade bases

Below 700-800 RPM, the pins will spring out preventing the blades from feathering. This is why the blades don’t feather on engine shutdown on the ground.

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9
Q

What if I feathered and shut down the wrong engine??

A

Unfeathering accumulator

Nitrogen pressurized accumulators take the props out of feather when controls are brought full forward

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10
Q

What is the important thing to remember about unfeathering accumulators?

A

The important thing to remember is that these are a one-shot deal. If they are used and the blades don’t come out of feather, they can’t be used again until the engine has been restarted.

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11
Q

How does the unfeathering accumulator work?

A

Unfeathering accumulators store oil from the engine to use for forcing the propellers out of the feather position

They build pressure by means of the engine oil pumps

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12
Q

Fuel type and capacity total and unusable and tabs

A

100 Green and 100LL Blue av gas 103 gallons total and 100 usable

51.5g total per wing tank 50g usable per side

Tab 30g total 28.5g usable
Tab 40g total 38.5g usable

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13
Q

Fuel selector arrangement

A

On
Crossfeed
Off

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14
Q

Fuel system

A

Selector - The fuel system uses an “ON-CROSSFEED-OFF” selector arrangement located on the lower center floor panel

Fuel Pumps - There are two engine-driven and two electrically-driven auxiliary fuel pumps. The electric pumps are used for engine start, takeoff, landing, and fuel selector changes. Each tank feeds its respective engine.

Crossfeed - Fuel cannot be transferred from tank to tank; however, either tank may feed both engines in crossfeed mode. The fuel crossfeed system is to be used during emergency conditions in level flight only.

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15
Q

Sumps

A

There are a total of 8 fuel sumps: 4 per side. 1 sump for each tank, 1 sump for each engine strainer, 2 for each crossfeed line.

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16
Q

Pressure System

A

Two engine-driven, dry pressure pumps supply air pressure to drive the attitude and directional gyro instruments, and autopilot (if installed). The pumps are interconnected to form a single system. Check valves will automatically close if either pump fails to ensure continued operation.

17
Q

Flaps

A

Wing flaps are operated by an electric motor located under the right rear passenger seat and connected via torque tubes which operate worm gears to extend or retract the flaps.

18
Q

Landing Gear

A

The Duchess is equipped with a retractable tricycle landing gear that is hydraulically actuated

Has an electrically driven hydraulic pump

Has a hydraulic system terminating in a hydraulic actuator assembly mounted in each wheel well

19
Q

Landing gear up and down position

A

The gear is held in the up position by a hydraulic pressure of 1250-1550 psi

It remains in the down and locked position using an over-center brace and springs.

20
Q

Landing Gear Hydraulic pump

A

The hydraulic pump is equipped with a time delay that will disengage it after 30 seconds of continuous operation.

21
Q

Gear Warning Horn activation

A

The aircraft is equipped with a gear warning horn that will activate under the following conditions:

  1. Gear is not in the down and locked position when throttles are reduced below a setting to sustain flight.
  2. Gear is not in the down and locked position with flaps extended below 16°.
  3. Gear handle is in the up position on the ground.
22
Q

How do you prevent gear retraction on the ground

A

Gear retraction on the ground is prevented by a pressure safety switch located in the pitot system to deactivate the pump circuit when airspeed is below 59-63 KIAS. (Gear warning systems are no replacement for proper checklist usage and should not be relied upon to prevent an inadvertent gear up.

23
Q

What if the landing gear doesn’t come down?

A

The gear system is equipped with a hydraulic bypass valve located beneath the floor panel in front of the pilot.

24
Q

How does the hydraulic bypass valve work?

A

By turning the valve counter clockwise 90°, hydraulic pressure will release and allow the gear to free fall to the down and locked position. This can only be done with an airspeed below 100 KIAS and the emergency checklist should be used. In the event that hydraulic pressure is lost, the gear will free fall to the down and locked position.

25
Q

Stall warning

A

An electric sensing vane is installed on the leading edge of each wing. The left horn can only be triggered when flaps are 0-16°. The right horn can only be triggered when flaps are between 17-35

26
Q

Pitot Static

A

The pitot tube is located on the left wing. There are two static ports - one on each side of the aft fuselage. There is an alternate static located on the left lower side of the cabin. The pitot tube is also equipped with a pitot heat system.

27
Q

Brakes

A

There are hydraulically actuated disc brakes on the main landing gear. The brake hydraulic system is separate from the landing gear hydraulic system. The brake reservoir is located on the left side of the nose compartment

28
Q

Electrical System

A

12 volt electrical system using a 12 volt, 35 amp lead acid battery in a battery box in the aft fuselage compartment

Two 60 amp 14 volt, belt driven alternators are installed on the aircraft.

29
Q

What alternator system does the aircraft use? What is the battery used for?

A

The aircraft uses a split bus system with each alternator powering its respective bus. The battery is used for engine start and emergency power.

30
Q

What is a loadmeter and its limitations in the duchess

A

The airplane is equipped with loadmeters instead of ammeters. Loadmeters show the percentage of the electrical load that is being carried by the respective alternator. It is important to make sure that each alternator isn’t carrying more than 40% of the load at low RPM and not carrying more than 80% of the load at full power.

31
Q

What if the Loadmeter is registering a zero indication and the undervoltage annunciator light is on?

A

That is an indication that the respective alternator has failed. If one alternator fails, the remaining alternator should be able to provide adequate electrical power

32
Q

How do you achieve cabin heat and defrosting?

A

The Duchess is equipped with a 45,000 BTU Janitrol gas heater located on the right side in the nose compartment

33
Q

What is the fuel burn on the heater?

A

Fuel consumption for the heater is approximately 2/3 of a gallon per hour taken from the right fuel tank. This fuel must be taken into consideration during flight planning.

34
Q

What if you overheat?

A

The heater has an over-temp switch that automatically deactivates the heater upon reaching an internal temperature of 300°F. The over-temp switch cannot be reset in flight and must be reset after examination by a certified mechanic on the ground.

35
Q

Gear Down Cycle

A

 Current to pump

 Fluid to actuators

 Gear down

 Switches on gear, turn on lights

 Pump off

 System is depressurized

 over-center brace & spring holds main gear down in place

 nose locks down w/ brace & spring holds nose gear down in place

 Landing Gear Retraction Momemt: -1177 in.-lb (per FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet)

36
Q

Gear up Cycle

A

 Check pitot switch for 59-63 knots

 Send electricity to pump

 Pump sends fluid to actuators

 Gear comes up

 Pressure switch at 1550 psi shuts off pump (if pressure drops below 1250, pump back on)

37
Q

Fuel Flow

A

Fuel tank

Fuel Strainer

Fuel Selector

Check Valve

Engine driven fuel pump

Carburetor

38
Q

Is the airplane approved for flight in Icing Conditions

A

Flight in icing conditions is prohibited

39
Q

Is the stall warning horn always operating?

A

It is inop when the battery and alternator switches are off

Duchess Lili (10 decks)

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