Systems: Circulatory (2)

Question 1

Describe arteriosclerosis

Answer 1

Occurs when the walls of the arteries thicken and lose elasticity. Hardening of the arteries

Question 2

What is the most common type of arteriosclerosis?

Answer 2

Atherosclerosis

Question 3

Describe atherosclerosis

Answer 3

Type of arteriosclerosis in which plaque builds up on the inside walls of the arteries

Question 4

What is plaque?

Answer 4

A mixture of fatty deposits, calcium, and fibrous tissues

Question 5

What are the symptoms of arteriosclerosis?

Answer 5

Angina (chest pain), blood clots, shortness of breath, heart attack, heart failure, and stroke

Question 6

90% of all heart attacks are the result of which circulatory system disorder?

Answer 6

Arteriosclerosis

Question 7

What are the ways to treat arteriosclerosis?

Answer 7

Angioplasty, coronary bypass

Question 8

Describe an angioplasty

Answer 8

A surgeon sticks a catheter tube with a ballon on the end through the artery. When the balloon is over the plaque, it is inflated thus forcing the artery open. Sometimes a wire mesh (stent) is put there to permanently hold the vessel open

Question 9

How is arteriosclerosis treated if medication fails to remove the clot?

Answer 9

Angioplasty

Question 10

How is arteriosclerosis treated if the artery is too blocked or weak for an angioplasty to work?

Answer 10

Coronary bypass

Question 11

Describe a coronary bypass

Answer 11

Surgeons will take a healthy vein or artery from another part of the body and use it to create other pathways around the blockage

Question 12

What is the medical name for a heart attack?

Answer 12

Myocardial infarction

Question 13

Describe a heart attack

Answer 13

Occurs when blood flow to a part of your heart is blocked for long enough that heart muscle cells begin to be damaged or die. This is due to a blockage in the coronary arteries

Question 14

What are the signs of a heart attack?

Answer 14

Lightheadedness, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, pain and discomfort in the chest, arm, neck, and jaw; pain and pressure in the chest, cold sweat, upset stomach, urge to throw up, fatigue

Question 15

What blood vessels are used to perform a coronary bypass?

Answer 15

Saphenous vein (leg), internal mammery artery (chest), radial artery (arm)

Question 16

Describe an aneurysm

Answer 16

Occurs when there is a bulge in an artery due to a weakness in the walls. High blood pressure raises the risk. If the blood vessels burst, risk of death is high

Question 17

Describe arrhythmia

Answer 17

An irregular heartbeat that can be harmless or harmful

Question 18

How is arrhythmia treated?

Answer 18

Can be treated with a device called a pacemaker that sends electrical impulses regulating the heartbeat

Question 19

What are heart conditions that have been present since birth called, and what are some examples?

Answer 19

Congenital heart defects. Examples include murmurs, leaky valves, arrhythmia

Question 20

Describe a stroke

Answer 20

Same as a heart attack but in the brain. Arteries supplying blood to the brain become blocked and brain cells become oxygen deprived and become damaged or die

Question 21

What are the types of strokes?

Answer 21

Ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke

Question 22

What causes an ischemic stroke?

Answer 22

Caused by a clot blocking blood to the brain

Question 23

What causes a hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 23

When a blood vessel bursts causing blood to leak into surrounding brain tissue

Question 24

Describe hemophilia

Answer 24

A blood disorder in which there are insufficient clotting proteins in the blood. These people take a long time to stop bleeding and can die from internal bleeding from only minor injuries

Question 25

How is hemophilia treated?

Answer 25

Can be treated with injections of clotting factor VIII

Question 26

Describe anemia

Answer 26

Low levels of red blood cells in the body. Can be caused by blood loss of a lack of iron

Question 27

What are symptoms of anemia?

Answer 27

Yellow eyes, paleness and coldness of the skin, shortness of breath, muscular weakness, fatigue, dizziness, low blood pressure, heart palpitations, chest pain, enlargement of the spleen

Question 28

What is cancer of the white blood cells called?

Answer 28

Leukemia

Question 29

What are the types of leukemia?

Answer 29

Myeloid leukemia, lymphoid leukemia

Question 30

What is myeloid leukemia?

Answer 30

Too many leukocytes that are immature and unable to fight infection. Crowd out red blood cells causing anemia and fatigue

Question 31

What is lymphoid leukemia?

Answer 31

Too many lymphocytes. Symptoms very similar to myeloid form

Question 32

What are ways to treat leukemia?

Answer 32

Chemotherapy, blood transfusions, bone marrow transplant

Question 33

Describe an angiogram

Answer 33

Diagnostic test which follows a tube throw the arteries and releases dye in the blood vessels that helps surgeons to monitor blood flow using fluorescent imaging