Systems Descriptions Flashcards
Describe the Airframe of the Cessna 172.
All metal, four place, high wing, single engine airplane equipped with a tricycle landing gear.
What does Semimonocoque mean?
It si a contructrion of the fuselage that is formed sheet metal bulkhead, stringer and skin.
Designed to be strong but light.
What is the skin of the Cessna 172 made of?
Aluminum Skin
How are the Aileron, Rudder, and Elevator controlled?
Through cables and mechanical linkages/ Pulleys
How is the Elevator Trim System Operated?
Using the vertically mounted trim control wheel. Down trim will pull the nose up, and up trim will pull the nose down.
Overview: What does the Instrument Panel consist of?
Garmin Display Unit (GDU), Primary Flight Display (PFD), Multifunction Display (MFD), and the Garmin Audio Panel
Tell me about the Landing Gear
The landing gear is a tricycle type with a steerable nose wheel and two main wheels.
We have hydraulically actuated disk breaks, and a shimmy dampener to absorb shock and prevent oscillation.
Tell me about the baggage compartment.
Consists of Two Areas:
Baggage A (the bigger one): can hold up to 120lbs
Baggage B (the smaller shelf): can hold up to 50lbs
Total weight must be 120lbs.
If in Utility catageory NOBoth Baggage compartments must be empty as well as the backseat
Describe the Engine/Power-plant to me.
The engine is a Lycoming Model IO-360-L2A with 180 BHP and 2700 RPM.
I: fuel injected
O: Oxygen
360: cubic inches of displacement
L2A: Major accessories include a starter and belt driven alternator mounted on the front of the engine, and dual magnetos, dual vacuum pumps, and a full flow oil filter mounted on the rear of the engine accessory case.
What does the mixture do?
What does the throttle do?
The mixture controls the fuel to air ratio.
The throttle controls the engine power.
What is the G1000 EIS?
The Engine Indication System (EIS) provides information for the pilot from/for the engine, fuel and electrical system.
The engine and airframe unit provide data to the EIS, which displays the data.
What does the tachometer display?
Engine rotation or RPM
Tell me about the Engine Lubrication System.
The engine uses a wet sump system, excess oil is kept in the sump located at the base of the engine.
**Capacity: 8 Quarts with an Additional quart is kept in the engines oil filter*
Sump, Filter, Pump, Filter, Relief Valve, Oil Cooler, Engine (lubricate), Sump (Via Gravity)
Oil Flow:
1) Leaves the Sump, Goes through Filter
2) goes to engine driven oil pump
3)then passes through full-flow oil filter
4) pressure relief valve
5) remote oil cooler
6) Then to the engine to lubricate
7) Returns to the Sump Via Gravity
Bypass Valve (full-flow filter):
Should the Filter be clogged the bypass valve will allow the oil to pass by when it is very cold, or if the filter becomes clogged.
How much oil should you not fly with?
Less than 5 quarts of oil.
Explain these Terms:
Horizontally Opposed
Direct Drive
Naturally Aspirated
Air cooled
Four Cylinder
Fuel Injected
Flat engine
One gear
No turbo or super charger
Baffling and fins to cool
4 cylinder cycle (intake, compress, combust, exhaust)
Fuel injected directly into cylinders (no carburetor)
What are the positives to a 4 cylinder system?
More efficient as every cylinder is functioning on a different cycle; so the engine is always generating power.
What happens when you turn the key in the ignition?
Before:
1) Master Switch is on which connects to the boost pump
2) The boost pump provides power to the starter motor
3) The Starter Motor is connected to the flywheel via the bendix gear, the flywheel turns the engine’s crank shaft, which turns the propeller
4) As the Engine turns over the magnetos provide energy to the spark plugs which ignites the fuel-air mixture
Master, Boost pump, Starter, Bendix Gear, flywheel, crankshaft, turns prop, turns engine, starts mags, starts spark plugs
Tell me about the Air Induction System.
The engine receives ram air via the air intake valve located at the front of the engine cowling. It is covered by an air intake filter which removes dust and other foreign matter from the induction air.
Should the filter become clogged a spring loaded alternate air door will be opened via suction and draw in unflitered air into the engine.
this will cause a 10% loss of engine power
Tell me about the Exhaust System.
Exhaust gas from the cylinder passes through the muffler, located below the engine, and then is vented outside through the singular tailpipe.
For the Cabin Heat: Ram air is supplied though the Muffler Shroud (heating the air) and then supplied to the chamber as the aircrafts heater.
becuase of this cracks in the exhaust pipe can cause exhasut to leak into the cabin*
Things to Look Out For:
CO2 strips, the smell of exhaust, feelings of hypoxia/dizziness
Tell me about the Fuel Injection System. (ENGINE COMPONENTS ONLY)
The Fuel InJection System is comprised of:
1. The Engine Driven Fuel Pump
2. Fuel/Air Control Unit
3. Fuel Mainfold
4. Fuel Flow Indicator
5. Injector Nozzles
The Flow:
Fuel is Pulled from the fuel tanks on the wings by the Engine Driven Fuel Pump, it is then fed into the Fuel/Air Control Unit (correctly proportions the fuel to air ratio), the fuel is then delivered to the Fuel Manifold (where it is evenly distributed to the Fuel Injector Nozzles, which delivers the Fuel Directly into the Cylinder.
The Fuel Flow Indicator monitors the flow and produces the digital display on the Engine Indication System (EIS).
What are the Positives to a Fuel Injected System?
Improved Fuel Efficiency, Reduced Emissions, Better Engine Performance, More Precise Fuel Delivery, Better Starting in Cold Weather, Resistant to Icing!!!!
Dis:
Harder to Hot Start.
Tell me about Carburators.
What are their weaknesses?
How is that Combatted? Had when to use those defenses?
Usually “Float-Type” where ram air creates a low pressure area within a Venturi, drawing fuel from a float-regulated chamber, mixing it with the air ad delivering the fuel-air mixture into the engine cylinders.
Disadvantages:
1. Less Fuel Efficient
2. Prone to Icing (at 50F with high humidity)
3. Not As Precise
Pros:
1. Less Expensive
Icing: Can Occur a Temps of 50F or less on High Humidity Days
- Carb Heat is Used to Combat this Issue
-Melts ice, that water then runs through engine causing engine roughness and up to a 10% loss of engine RPM. Maintain use or the engine will subsequently ice over
Use Carb Heat when the RPM is lowered, such as, Landing or Idling the Engine, as Icing wont be Noticed Until the Throttle is re-engaged.
Fuel System Continued (the more in depth)
Fuel Quanitiy: Each Tank 28
Total: 56
Unusable: 3
Totals Useable: 53
Reduced: Each Tank 19
Total: 38
Unusable: 3
Total Useable: 35
Consists of:
1. Two Vented Fuel Tanks
2. 3 Position Selector Valve
3. Fuel Reservior Tank
4. Electrically Driven Aux Fuel Tank
5. Fuel Shutoff Valve
6. Fuel Strainer
DISTRIBUTION:
1. Fuel Flows from tanks via Gravity.
2. To the Fuel Selector Valve B, R, L and into the Fuel Reservior Tank.
3. Fuel Flows from there into the Aux Fuel Pump, through the Fuel Shutoff Valve, the Fuel Strainer, and the Engine Driven Fuel Pump.
4. Then onto the Fuel-Air Control Unit, (bottom of engine) Or Fuel Servo. Which meters the Fuel Flow.
5. The Fuel then goes into the Fuel Distribution Valve (flow divider) located at the top of the engine.
6. Fuel is then Routed into the injector nozzles and delivered into the intake of each individual cylinder.
Tell Me about the Propeller.
It is a two bladed, fixed pitch, aluminum alloy prop which is 76in in diameter made by McCauley Propeller Systems
The Ground Clearance is: 11.25 inches
