Systems Design, Implementation, Maintenance and Review

Question 1

Logical Design
Vs
Physical Design

Answer 1

Logical design:
-Describes functional requirements of a system
-This phase focuses on defining the system’s functionality, features, and capabilities without considering the technical details of implementation.

Physical design:
-Specifies the characteristics of the system components necessary to put the logical design into action
-This phase involves translating the logical design into a technical blueprint or implementation plan.

Question 2

Environmental Design Considerations

Answer 2

1.Environmental design:

-Also called green design

-Involves systems development efforts that slash power consumption, require less physical space, and result in systems that can be disposed in a way that doesn’t negatively affect the environment

Question 3

Evaluation Techniques

How do companies evaluate and select hardware, software, and IT services?

1.Group Consensus
2.Cost/benefit analysis
3.Benchmark Test
4.Point evaluation

Answer 3

Group consensus:
Decision-making group is appointed and given the responsibility of making the final evaluation and selection

Cost/benefit analysis:
Lists the costs and benefits of each proposed system

Benchmark test:
An examination that compares computer systems operating under the same conditions

Point evaluation:
Evaluation process in which each evaluation factor is assigned a weight, in percentage points, based on importance

Question 4

Systems Implementation: Implementation Activities

Answer 4

Pic Link:
https://ibb.co/7vsQc2g

Includes:
-Hardware acquisition
-Programming and software acquisition or development
-User preparation
-Hiring and training of personnel
-Site and data preparation
-Installation, testing, start-up, and user acceptance

Question 5

Acquiring Hardware from an IS Vendor

Answer 5

1.IS vendor:
-Company that offers hardware, software, telecommunications systems, databases, IS personnel, or other computer-related resources

2.Types of IS vendors include:
-General computer manufacturers
-Small computer manufacturers
-Peripheral equipment manufacturers

Question 6

Acquiring Software: Make or Buy?

Answer 6

1.Make-or-buy decision:
-Whether to obtain software from external or internal sources

2. Externally acquired software and Software as a Service (SaaS):

-Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) combines software from various vendors into a finished system

-Software as a Service (SaaS) allows businesses to subscribe to Web-delivered application software by paying a monthly service charge

Question 7

Data preparation

Answer 7

-Also called data conversion

-Ensuring all files and databases are ready to be used with new computer software and systems

Question 8

Start-Up/Cutover

System Cutover Approaches:
Direct conversion (plunge, direct cutover)
Phased approach (piecemeal)
Pilot start-up
Parallel start-up

Answer 8

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Question 9

Systems Operation and Maintenance

Answer 9

1.Systems operation:
-Use of a new or modified system

2.Systems maintenance:
-Checking, changing, and enhancing the system to make it more useful in achieving user and organizational goals

Question 10

Reasons for Maintenance

Answer 10

1.Changes in business processes

2.New requests from stakeholders, users, and managers

3.Bugs or errors in program

4.Technical and hardware problems

5.Corporate mergers and acquisitions

6.Government regulations

7.Changes in the operating system or hardware on which the application runs

Question 11

The Relationship between Maintenance and Design

Answer 11

Programs are expensive to develop, but they are even more expensive to maintain

Determining factor in decision to replace a system:
-The point at which it is costing more to fix than to replace

Pic:
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