Systems Overview Flashcards
(203 cards)
1
Q
What engines are on the T-38C?
A
2x J85-GE-5R/s with afterburners
2
Q
Do the engines possess a self-contained starter?
A
No
3
Q
What is required for start?
A
Low pressure air (located bottom fuselage underneath the tail)
4
Q
Are the left and right fuel cells independent?
A
Yes
5
Q
How many AC fuel boost pumps are there, and can they be interconnected?
A
2, yes via DC crossfeed
6
Q
How much usable fuel can be carried onboard?
A
3906 lbs
7
Q
WRT fuel, what is displayed in EED?
A
Total and individual quantity + fuel flow (pph)
8
Q
How many AC generators are there, and how many are needed to carry the full electrical load?
A
2, 1
9
Q
What are two things on the left AC bus?
A
Ldg/taxi light, rudder trim
10
Q
What are four things on the right AC bus?
A
flaps, fuel qty, HUD/MDP, oxygen qty
11
Q
Left essential bus is AC or DC?
A
DC
12
Q
Right essential bus AC or DC?
A
AC
13
Q
The 2x 3000psi hydraulic systems are:
A
separate
14
Q
The left hydraulic system is the _______ hyd sys, and controls:
A
utility
flight control
augmentor
yaw damper
NWS
gear
speed brake
15
Q
The right hydraulic system is the ______ hyd sys, and controls:
A
flight
flight controls
16
Q
What controls the “feel” in the stick and rudder pedals?
A
Springs and counterweight
17
Q
Flaps are __ activated and __ operated by electric motor
A
DC, AC
18
Q
Flaps are ___________
A
interconnected
19
Q
Bleed air from the engine is used for: (7)
A
- anti-icing
- canopy defog
- canopy seal
- g-suit
- air conditioning
- cockpit pressurization
- hydraulic reservoirs pressurization
20
Q
Do not jettison the canopy when other than _________ position
A
closed and locked
21
Q
What brand of ejection seat?
A
Martin-Baker
22
Q
ISS selector 3 modes:
A
CMD FWD, BOTH, SOLO
23
Q
What does the HUD display?
A
Attitude, altitude, airspeed, g-load, heading/course, comm/nav, freq, AOA, etc
24
Q
MFD has what?
A
Everything you need
25
What does the UFCP do?
Control and display avionics
26
What does the EED do?
Engine display
rpm, EGT, nozzle, oil px, fuel qty, FF
27
Where is TCAS displayed?
MFD
28
What controls most of the avionics and the ADC?
MDP
29
What is the interface for GPS/INS, YSAS, and RALT?
EGI
30
What are on the backup control panels for avionics?
UHF, NAV, TACAN
31
Is there an AOA indexer?
Yes
32
What are the two master arm settings?
A/A and A/G on the HUD
33
What is the aft switch on throttle?
CMD (counter measures dispenser)
34
What are the switches on the throttle?
speed brake, MIC, CMD, weapon mode, fingerlifts
35
What are the switches on the stick?
trim, weapon release, master mode, trigger, default display switch, nosewheel steering
36
Max G (900 lbs)
-3.0, +7.33
37
Max time at 0G
10 sec
38
Max time at negative G
30 sec
39
Max G is displayed on the ___
MFD
40
Max thrust is _____% augmentation above MIL
5-40
41
Abort takeoff if __ fails to light within ___ seconds
AB, 5
42
Touchdown sink rate less than 1700lbs
Normal: 590 fpm
Crab: 395 fpm
43
Touchdown sink rate full fuel
Normal: 340 fpm
Crab: 200 fpm
44
Are the generators AC or DC?
AC
45
At what RPM are the generators online?
43-48% "cut-in range"
46
T/F: each generator is able to carry the entire AC electrical load of the aircraft
True
47
What does the protection panel protect from?
Too high/low voltage short circuit
48
What does the bus contractor relay do?
Makes sure if one gen fails the other picks up the load
49
Which AC bus contains the key components?
Right
50
Where does the gearbox shift occur?
Between 65-75% RPM
51
What does the gearbox shift accomplish?
Keeps the generator rpm range in synch with the engine rpm (320-480 cycles per second)
52
What does the APU do?
Provides AC external power directly to AC busses and TRUs to generate DC power
53
What must be ON prior to connecting APU?
Battery
54
What does the static inverter do?
Converts DC voltage to AC
55
What powers the static inverter?
Batt bus
56
Which components does the static inverter provide alternate AC power to?
First engine start, right AC instruments (oil px + qty, ff + qty), oxygen indicator
57
The static inverter is activated for __ seconds when:
30
start button is pressed, GAGE TEST or QTY CHECK, either throttle to MAX (in flight only)
58
What do you lose when the static inverter is activated?
NWS
59
What are the AC powered instruments? (liquids)
Fuel flow and qty, oil indicator, hyd px indicator, oxygen qty gage
60
What do the AC powered instruments indicate with loss of AC power?
OFF
61
What goes blank if DC power is lost?
EED
62
Generator Failure (good crossover) indications and actions:
L/R GEN light illuminated
all electrical equip operating normally
attempt gen reset
63
Right Generator Failure (no crossover) indications and actions:
R GEN + R FUEL PRESS + ENG ANTI-ICE ON lights illuminated
HUD and UFCP blank
MFD in backup
Right oil px, ff, boost pump, TRU, pitot heat, flaps motor, trim, stability augmentor inop
loss of air conditioning control and canopy seal
landing roll is a lot longer (100% flaps = 2500+fuel),(60% flaps = 100% flaps+500),(0% flaps = 100% flaps x2)
64
Left Generator Failure (no crossover) indications and actions:
L GEN + L FUEL PRESS lights illuminated
HUD/UFCP CAUTION message
Left oil px and ff are OFF
AOA remains ON
left boost pump, TRU, SAS, rudder trim, AOA indexer and indicator. stability augmentor, lights are inop
65
Generator Failure (no crossover) main note:
attempt to reset generator
66
Airframe Mounted Gearbox Failure indications and actions:
L GEN + UTILITY HYD lights illuminated
hyd px goes to zero
you have 35 mins of flight
67
Gearbox Failure to Shift indications and actions:
typically happens when moving the throttles (change of rpm range)
L/R GEN light illuminated
same indication as gen fail w good crossover
68
Generator Failure - Partial indications and actions:
no light illuminated but certain components failed
loss of one or two phases of generator
loss of flaps, boost pump, HUD and TRUs (req 3 phases)
69
What is a TRU and what do they power?
Transformer Rectifier Unit
Transforms AC from generator into 28V DC
2 essential DC busses and 1 non-essential DC bus
70
What is the alternate DC power source?
24 V Battery
71
How many TRUs are required to power the entire aircraft? How many are on the T-38C?
1, 2
72
How many DC busses are there and what are they?
3 (2 essential, 1 non-essential) plus battery bus
73
What does the 24V battery power?
Batt bus and 2 essential busses before TRUs come online
74
What voltage is considered a low battery?
18V
75
How long will the battery supply power to the essential busses, assuming it is 80% charged?
15 mins
76
TRUs Malfunction/Failure Indications
1 TRU below 25.5V for more than 2 sec = RECTIFIER FAILURE on MFD
Both TRUs Fail = XMFR RECT OUT light: lose non-essential bus and L/R essential busses are powered by the battery
77
How do you charge the battery during flight?
Leave battery ON
78
What indicates that DC power is lost?
DC powered instruments are blank, zero, or OFF
79
What will tell you what malfunction you have (wrt DC electrical sys)
MFD
80
Single TRU failure indication on MFD:
AVIONICS alert
81
Dual TRU Failure indications and actions:
battery picks up load of L+R essential busses
XMFR RECT OUT light
loss of non-essential DC bus
consider turning off non-essential things
config before turning off the battery
82
R Essential DC Bus Failure indications:
loss of MFD and EED, AOA indexer, UHF radio, TACAN, normal gear extension
83
L Essential DC Bus Failure
loss of UFCP, VHF, VOR/ILS, speed brake, standby ADI, flaps
83
Electrical Fire Indication
smoke in cockpit, odors, sparks and flames
84
Complete Electrical Failure initial actions:
check battery ON and reset generator
85
Light Test
5 tones and 10 voice messages
86
Ldg Light: turns ON when ___________ and position light are __________ and ldg/taxi light are __
nose gear is down, bright/dim, ON
87
Which light switch controls extension/retraction of ldg light?
position light switch
88
What is the UFCP?
Up Front Control Panel
89
Alphabetic Keypad Short Cuts on UFCP:
G, H, N, P, Q, R, U, F
G - turns off UHF Guard receiver for 1 min
H - snaps hdg bug to current hdg
N - opens nearest airports page on MFD
P - open scratchpad flight plan
Q - toggles between QNE and QNH
R - MFD repeater mode
U and V - toggles squelch ON/OFF of UHF and VHF
F - PFL display page (FPL display page?)
90
VTR Light illuminates steady when:
DTS is recording
91
What does MFD stand for?
Multi Functional Display
92
What is the PFR page?
Primary Flight Reference Page
93
What does a red object on the TCAS mean?
RA (collision is 15-35 sec)(RA might be recommended action? idk)
94
What does a yellow object on the TCAS mean?
TA (collision is 20-35 sec)(I think TA is traffic advisory)
95
What does a solid white object on the TCAS mean?
Proximity Alert (less than 6NM and 1200ft)
96
What does an empty white object on the TCAS mean?
non-threat (more than 6NM and 1200ft)
97
A/A TACAN mode on the AAP determines range between two airborne TACAN units that are ____________ apart
63 channels
98
What does HOTAS stand for?
Hands on Throttle and Stick
99
What does EED stand for?
Electronic Engine Display
100
Fuel Low + red EED when fuel is less than ___ lbs for more than ___ sec
250, 7.5
101
Which cockpit does the HUD emulate?
F-16
102
FPM on the HUD is?
The flight path marker.
103
What appears on the HUD when the gear is down?
2.5 deg descent reference
104
What does the Minimum Mach number Indicator on the HUD prevent?
compressor stall / flameout
105
What are the five potential warnings you might receive in the cockpit?
break X, fire, stall, altitude, gear
106
What is the break X warning?
PULL UP PULL UP
initiate 4G pull within 2 sec to avoid going below altitude
disabled in NAV mode and w gear down
107
What is the fire warning?
MFD/HUD - ENGINE FIRE ENGINE FIRE (visual and audio)
108
What is the stall warning?
beeping tone and visual at 0.8 AOA and above
nose doesn't drop in T-38
warning with gear down only
109
What is the altitude warning?
voice and visual (ALTITUDE, ALTITUDE)
user selectable on the UFCP - MSL and RALT
110
What is the gear warning?
below 10000ft, below 210 KCAS and below 96% RPM
reads off the NG position (down and locked)
beeping and message until resolved or going (above 10k', above 240 KCAS, above 96% RPM, or having NW down + locked)
be careful on delayed closed pattern (confusion between gear warning and gears not up)
111
Fuel Low is a Caution T/F?
T
112
What are the possible engine cautions?
rpm exceedance, high/low oil Px, EGT overtemp, loss of sensor
113
What is the gear caution?
NG down and locked above 240KCAS, or between 220-240 KCAS w acceleration >2 KCAS/sec (need immediate action)
114
What is the flaps caution?
10 KCAS below flaps speed lim vs position
115
What is the over-G caution?
single rate beeper (1.00 to 0.50 G within the limits)(you're good)
double rate beeper (within 0.50 to 0.20 of G limit)(ease off)
continuous tone (within 0.2 of G limit)(dude!)
OVER-G OVER-G and high/low pitch beeper (actual over-G)
116
What is the avionics caution?
no audio alerts, always accompanied w MALF on MFD (MB-5 page) - bottom one is always the first one
117
What is the bingo caution?
when you reach bingo qty (10lbs below)
118
What is the no break X caution?
doesn't have RALT and steerpoint elevation in A/G mode (nbd)
119
What is the descend caution?
divert mode - optimum descent time to save fuel
120
What is the altitude hold caution?
divert mode - descent is too steep
121
EGI status messages (on the ground):
WAIT
coarse alignment in progress (do not move aircraft)[2 mins]
122
EGI status messages (on the ground):
DEGRADED
coarse alignment complete [2 mins]
123
EGI status messages (on the ground):
DEGRADED NO GPS
GPS data not available or incorrect present position, need 4 satellites for IFR nav reqs
124
EGI status messages (on the ground):
FULL
fine alignment complete [total 4 mins]
125
EGI status messages (on the ground):
NAV
switch to NAV mode when aligned
126
EGI status messages (on the ground):
EGI (UR-4)
manually select NAV mode
127
EGI status messages (on the ground):
ATT
if coarse alignment failed (a/c moved or NAV selected before coarse alignment) - select ALN to restart
128
EGI status messages (in flight):
LEVEL
maintain level flight until attitude coarse alignment is complete [+2 mins]
129
Which mode on the TCAS should you always use?
BLK (9k' above and below)
130
Where are the fuel cells for each engine?
left engine: forward (1916lbs)
right engine: center and aft (1990lbs)
131
How much fuel can you get from each type of refuelling?
single point refueling - 3906 lbs
over-the-top - 3866 lbs [40 lbs less] - fill left tank first
132
How many AC powered fuel probes provide the EED with qty info?
7
133
When does the FUEL LOW light illuminate?
250lbs or less in L/R tank
delay of 7.5 sec to ensure there is no false reading (fly w slightly nose up attitude)
134
Where is the fuel vent located and what prevents fuel from leaving via the vent?
Vstab
check valves
135
How many AC powered boost pumps are there and what do they provide fuel to?
2, engine driven pump
136
What feeds fuel during inverted flight?
Small reservoir
137
What can you use to correct a fuel imbal?
crossfeed (more than 200lbs = red indication)
138
Can crossfeed be used to transfer fuel?
No
139
Other than crossfeed, how can you solve a fuel imbalance?
differential power
140
What does a red indication under the fuselage indicate WRT fuel system?
fuel filter is clogged (do not take the jet)
141
Normal fuel px is __ psi, low fuel px comes on at __ psi
10, 6
142
In the case of a boost pump failure, gravity fuel flow is sufficient to maintain ___ power up to ____ft but only guaranteed up to ___ft
MAX, 25k, 6k
143
Do not perform ___________ with under 650lbs left in either tank
MAX thrust dive
144
Maximum of __ sec inverted flight at MAX power at 10k' and __ sec at 30k'
10, 30
145
In what situations should you not crossfeed?
EED failure
fuel qty failure
boost pump inop
low alt
traffic pattern
low fuel state
146
If you're solo: do not allow right fuel cells to equal ______ the fuel qty in left fuel cells.
double
147
How much thrust is produced by each(?) engine?
2200 lbs in MIL
3300 lbs in full AB
148
What constitutes the front frame of the engine?
anti-ice manifold, bullet nose, variable inlet guide vanes
149
What do the inlet guide vanes do?
maintain stall free engine operations
150
What type of compressor in the compressor section of the engine?
axial-flow 8 stages
151
What is located on the side of the compressor to prevent compressor stall?
bleed valves
152
What is the main frame section of the engine?
main structural component, diffuse and smooths compressed airflow to combustion section
provides high px air for pneumatic sys and engine anti-ice
153
What does the combustion chamber do?
mix atomized fuel with compressed air flow followed by ignition by the plug
majority of the air flows outside for cooling purposes
154
Describe the turbine section
2 stage turbine
extract energy to turn the compressor and engine accessories
155
What rotates the compressor up to the RPM necessary to start the engine (via turbine vanes)?
external air duct for engine start
156
The AB section increases thrust by ___ but increases fuel flow by ____.
50%, 300%
157
What does the exhaust nozzle do?
controls EGT and exhaust speed
158
What controls the nozzle position from IDLE to 97% RPM?
the hydromechanical scheduling system
159
Above 630-650C, __ controls the nozzle position to keep within limits.
T5
160
What does the variable geometry system (VGS) do?
variable inlet guide vanes optimize air angle into compressor, bleed valves prevent over pressurization
regulates compressor airflow and stall-free operation
161
How does the engine anti-ice system work?
hot bleed air from stage 8 is directed to the inlet guide vanes and bullet nose of engine front frame
effective range reqs min 80% RPM
always ON below 65% RPM (designed to fail to ON if AC power is lost)
expect a loss of 180 +/- 10 lbs of thrust (8.5% at MIL and 5.5% at MAX of loss)
162
Where is the engine gearbox mounted? Powered by what?
main frame, compressor shaft
163
What are the engine accessories?
oil pump, main fuel pump control, AB fuel pump and control, nozzle actuator, engine overspeed governor, tachometer generator, T5 alternator
164
EED is powered by?
right essential DC bus
165
On the EED, what are the 3 AC-powered items and 2 DC-powered items?
AC: ff (also req DC), oil px, fuel qty
DC: EGT, nozzle position
166
T/F: never assume false engine fire indication
T
167
Initial actions for:
RPM exceedance
Overtemp (non-latched)
Overtemp (latched)
Oil Sys Malfunction
Nozzle
retard throttle
retard throttle
retard throttle
adjust throttle to maintain w/in lims, shutdown engine if eng seizure indications appear imminent
fluctuation - retard throttle until fluctuation stops (T5 sys failure)
168
What do you do with a non-latched EGT engine temp exceedance?
can continue flight if EGT < 665C at steady state (manually maint w/in lims)
probably a T5 malfunction
169
What can you deduce from a latched EGT engine temp exceedance?
probably a T5 failure, nozzle malfunction
170
What are some factors that contribute to compressor stalls?
higher alt w cold + less dense air, abrupt throttle movement, AB at high alt, max perf maneuvering, engine nozzle mis-scheduling to T5 transition
171
Compressor stall indications?
low alt, high airspeed: decreasing RPM, increasing EGT
high alt, low airspeed: decreasing RPM and EGT
172
What is EGT droop and when does it typically occur?
nozzle cannot close enough to keep w/in MIL lims
low alt, high airspeed (500KCAS) in MIL power w nozzles at/below 3%
173
What does the engine do in afterburner blowout?
reverts back to MIL limits
174
How can you identify Idle Decay? Other notes?
less than 46-50% rpm (less than ground idle)
above 20k' and below 200 KCAS
maintain at least 80% RPM above 20k'
175
What indicates engine nozzle mis-scheduling?
higher EGT from 94-97%
176
What are the indications of a sheared oil pump shaft?
loss of rpm, oil px, T5
177
What are the two independent hydraulic systems?
utility and flight control
178
How many psi in each hydraulic system?
3000
179
Which engine controls which hydraulic system?
left = utility
right = flight control
180
Where is the hydraulic reservoir mounted?
engine bay above hyd fluid pump
181
How is the hyd reservoir pressurized?
bleed air
182
Engine-driven hydraulic pump pressure range?
2850-3200 psi
183
Difference between gearbox shift failure and gearbox failure WRT hydraulics?
gearbox shift failure doesn't affect hyd sys but gearbox failure = complete hyd loss
184
At what PSI do the hyd pressure caution lights illuminate?
<1500 psi (goes out above 1800 psi)
185
Hyd caution lights come on for which two problems?
Low P and overtemperature
186
The hydraulic pressure light should illuminate with rapid control movements [T/F]
F
187
Which components are part of the utility hydraulic system?
ailerons, hoz stab, rudder, ldg gear and NWS, speed brake, SAS
188
Which components are part of the flight control system?
ailerons, hoz stab, rudder
189
[T/F] Don't use the rudder trim
T
190
How long does the landing gear take to actuate?
6 sec
191
How long does the alternate landing gear system take?
15-35 sec
192
Speed brake, LG handle, NWS are all __ powered.
DC
193
Low hydraulic pressure/overtemp considerations
limit flight time to 35 mins if hyd fluid is transferring from other system
both systems down - EJECT
utility system loss = alt gear extension and no NWS
194
Excessive hyd px considerations
shutdown engine if accompanied w sluggish flight controls (in flight)
shutdown engine and coord w groundcrew (ground)
195
Airframe mounted gearbox failure considerations
L/R GEN and UTILITY/FLIGHT HYD lights
accompanied w associated hyd sys fail
if dual gearbox fail - eject (no flight controls)
196
What should you do with a stability augmentor malfunction?
turn it OFF
197
Where does the pneumatic system get its bleed air from?
8th stage compressor
198
What is the acronym for pneumatic components?
DC GAP+2
199
What does DC GAP+2 stand for?
defog, canopy seals, g-suits, air conditioning, pressurization, (+engine anti-ice, 2 hyd reservoirs)
the +2 are not controlled by Ram Dump switch
200
Which 4 systems use hot bleed air?
cabin air conditioning
pressurization system
anti-ice
pressurization of hyd reservoirs
201
At what temp does the defog overheat?
>280 F
202
Cabin Pressurization Schedule
0-8k': same
8k'-23k': 8000 +/- 1k ft
> 23k': px differential (5 psi) +/- 2k' ---> (alt-6k)/2 +/- 2k'
