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T/O Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

what determines the catagory of lumber

A

the tree they are cut from

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2
Q

what are the 4 catagories of lumber

A
  • hardwood
  • softwood
  • bamboo
  • palm
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3
Q

what are the grades of lumber

A

yard lumber

structural lumber

factory/shop grade lumber

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4
Q

what must be done after lumber is cut, and how is it done

A

lumber must be seasoned either by air or kiln drying

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5
Q

what are the three catagories of yard lumber

A
  • finished: grades A thru D
  • common boards: grades 1 thru 5
  • common dimensions: grades 1 thru3
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6
Q

what is structural lumber graded by

A
  • density
  • strength
  • stiffness
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7
Q

what are the standard lengths of lumber

A

comes in standard lengths from 8’ to 20’ in 2’ increments

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8
Q

what are the various thickness of plywood

A

1/8” up to 1”

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9
Q

what is the standard size of plywood

A

4’ x 8’

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10
Q

what is BF for lumber

A

BF= board feet

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11
Q

what is the formula for BF

A

t x w x l x # of pieces/144 or 12

if L is in inches use 144

if L is in feet use 12

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12
Q

what is BM

A

BM= board measure

it is calculated to determine the pounds of nails by factoring in the waste factor BM

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13
Q

what are the calculations for BM

A

10% is added if it is 2” or more

20% is added if it is 1” or less

round up

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14
Q

how many sq ft does a 4’ x 8’ piece of plywood cover

A

32 sq ft

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15
Q

what wood is the basis of the three grades of lumber

A

seasoned softwood

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16
Q

all sheathing is considered less than ____

A

1”

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17
Q

do you factor in waste for sheathing

A

not unless told to do so

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18
Q

a structure is only as strong as its ______

A

weakest joint

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19
Q

what is a joint

A

a connection of two or more pieces that meet at an angle

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20
Q

what are the two types of joints

A

butt joint

lap joint

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21
Q

what are the types of butt joints

A

straight

oblique

miter

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22
Q

what are the types of lap joints

A

cross

middle

miter half

plain

half

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23
Q

what are the two ways to connect pieces of lumber

A

joints and splices

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24
Q

what is a splice

A

a connection of two or more members that continue in a straight line

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25
what are the types of splices
butt splice halved square plain complimentary
26
what is a splice designed to do
to resist the stresses of tension, compression and bending
27
what is the most common type of fastener used in military construction
nails
28
what are the four primary types of nails
* common wire * finishing * scaffolding * roofing
29
what term is the size of the nail
"penny" which is its length
30
what is penny denoted by
d
31
what size do nails come in
2d thru 60d 1" thru 6"
32
what are the common usage nail sizes
8d for sheathing 16d for framing
33
what are the three rules of thumb for nails
* proper nail size should penetrate 2/3 into the second board * drive nails at a slight angle towards each other * use a good nailing pattern
34
what nail sizes are used for framing
10d thru 60d
35
what nail sizes are used for sheathing
2d thru 8d
36
what are the nail formulas
framing: (d/6) x (BM/100) sheathing: (d/4) x (BM/100) round up
37
what are some other fasteners
* spikes and drift pins * screws * bolts * corrugated fasteners * timber connectors
38
what is design life
how long the building is intended to last without major repairs
39
what are three life ranges of buildings
temporary semi-permanent permanent
40
what is the design life of a permanent building
25 years or more
41
what is the design life of a semi-permanent building
5 to 25 years
42
what is the design life of a temporary building
up to 5 years
43
what are the components of the substructure
* footers * girders * joists * sub floor
44
what are footers constructed of
pressure treated lumber
45
footers will never be more than ____ feet apart
10'
46
what are the parts of a footer
footing: 2" x 6" x 16.5" spreaders: 2" x 6" x16.5" posts: 6" x 6" scabs: 2" x 6" x 12"
47
what are girders constructed of
three laminated pieces of lumber running the length of the building usually constructed from 2" x 6" or a solid piece of timber
48
what are joist
pieces of lumber that run the width of the building
49
what is the spacing of joist
16" o.c.
50
how do joist run in relation to the load bearing walls
perpendicular to load bearing walls and girders
51
what are the types of joist bridging
solid and cross bridges
52
what are joist bridges used for
to prevent buckling of the joist
53
how often should bridges be placed for joists
every 8' of span a bridge is constructed
54
what are splice plates for joists constructed of
the same lumber as the joist they are 24" in length and cover both sides of the joint
55
what must you do to offset the joints when laying plywood
start with a half sheet
56
which way does the first course of plywood run
perpendicular to the joists
57
do not allow\_\_\_\_ from both sub floor and top floor to match
seams
58
what are the two types of stringers
stringer box frame
59
what are the common parts of stringers
rise and run
60
how high should the riser be for stringers
7" to 9"
61
how deep should the tread be for stringer stairs
8" to 11"
62
what size board do you use for a mud sill and ledger
mud sill= 2" x 4" ledger= 2" x 6"
63
how many stair stringers do you need if the stair width is more than 3'
3 or more
64
how many pounds of force must stair rails handle
200 pounds
65
stairways with ___ or more risers or higher than ____ must be equiped with at least 1 rail
4 or more risers 30"
66
stairs should be between ____ and ____ degrees
30 and 50
67
what is the max variation for stair riser and depth
no more than 1/4" variation
68
when doors open on a stair landing how big should the clearance be
platform extends more than 20" from the swing of door
69
what does the superstructure consist of
wall panels and roof
70
what are the three wall panels
long walls short walls partition walls
71
how big should you build wall panels for movement
8' x 8'
72
what are the different roof styles
* gable * lean-to * hip * gable and valley
73
what is the most common roof type
gable
74
what roof do theater of operations structures use
gable
75
what is the formula to determine rafter length
HS (half span) x P (pitch) / 12 = R (rise) HS x HS + R x R then square root = rafter length
76
what is the formula to determine OH
PO x P/12 = R of OH PO x PO + R x R then square root = OH" OH"/12 = OH'
77
what is the formula to determine # of rafters/trusses
rafters/trusses = roof length/2 or 1.33 round up then + 1 rafters: 16" O.C. = 1.33 trusses: 24" O.C. = 2
78
what are the parts of a truss
chord: top and bottom gusset: heel point, peak point, quarter point, third point web: short, long and hanger
79
gusset plates are used on ____ sides of the truss joints, except on the \_\_\_\_\_
both sides except on the gable ends
80
what are gusset plates made of
1/2" plywood
81
truss gable ends are \_\_\_\_\_\_
fully sheathed
82
how far are trusses spaced out OC
24" OC
83
how far are rafters spaced out OC
16" OC
84
what are the first trusses to be placed
gable end trusses
85
how are trusses placed before being installed
upside down
86
what is the 2x material used to brace trusses called
temporary purloins and permanent purlions
87
what are some types of roofing material
tin/metal tile shingles/wood or asphalt
88
how far are the permanent purloins spaced
24" OC from the end of the OH to the peak of the truss
89
when laying sheathing on the roof where do you start
at the end of the OH working towards the peak
90
how big is the gap at the peak when laying sheathing
2" on each side for venting

SOC T/O (1 decks)

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