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biology > T1- cell structure and transport > Flashcards

T1- cell structure and transport Flashcards

1
Q

differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

prokaryotic=smaller
eukaryotic=has membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus

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2
Q

how is genetic material stored in a prokaryotic cell

A

found free in cytoplasm as chromosomal DNA/plasmid DNA

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3
Q

what are plasmids

A

small circular loops of DNA in cytoplasm separate from their main DNA

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4
Q

5 similarities of plant and animal cells

A

nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
ribosomes
mitochondria

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5
Q

what are 3 things found only in plant cells

A

chloroplasts
chlorophyll
cell wall

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6
Q

function of nucleus

A

controls cell activities

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7
Q

function of cell membrane

A

controls what enters/leaves the cell

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8
Q

function of mitochondria

A

contain the enzymes for respiration
where most energy is released in respiration

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9
Q

function of ribosomes

A

site of proteinsynthesis

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10
Q

function of plant cell wall and what is it made of

A

provides strength
prevents cell from bursting when water enters by osmosis
made of cellulose

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11
Q

function of chloroplasts

A

absorb light energy for photosynthesis

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12
Q

how are sperm cells adapted

A

tail for movement
mitochondria for energy
acrosomes which are enzymes that digest the egg’s cell membrane
nucleus for genetic information

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13
Q

how are root hair cells adapted

A

thin walls to not restrict water absorption
large SA to absorb nutrients and water from soil

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14
Q

what is cell differentiation

A

process of which cells become specialised

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15
Q

what is magnification

A

the number of times bigger an image appears compared to its actual size

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16
Q

advantages of light microscope

A

inexpensive
easy use
portable
observe dead/alive organisms

17
Q

advantages of electron microscope

A

greater magnification
greater resolution

18
Q

what are 2 ways in which bacteria can be grown

A

nutrient broth solution
colonies on agar gel plate

19
Q

what is diffusion

A

movement of particles from a high concentration to low concentration

20
Q

3 factors that affect rate of diffusion

A

concentration gradient
temperature
SA

21
Q

how are single-celled organisms adapted for diffusion

A

large SA:V which maximises rate of diffusion

22
Q

4 factors to increase effectiveness of gas exchange surface

A

large SA
thin membrane
efficient blood supply
ventilation

23
Q

what is osmosis

A

movement of water molecules from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

24
Q

what is meant when a solution is isotonic to a cell

A

concentration of external and internal solutions are the same

25
Q

what is meant when a solution is hypertonic to a cell

A

concentration of external solution is higher than internal solution

26
Q

what is active transport

A

movement of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration against the concentration gradient

27
Q

is active transport passive or does it require energy

A

requires energy from respiration

28
Q

how do root hair cells use active transport

A

take up mineral ions from a low concentration in soil

29
Q

why is cell differentiation important

A

allows production of different organs and tissues that perform different functions in the body

30
Q

what changes does a cell go through as it differentiates

A

it becomes specialised by acquiring different sub-cellular structures to enable a specific function to be performed by the cell

31
Q

why is sterilisation important before use

A

to kill bacteria

31
Q

what are uncontaminated cultures of microorgansisms needed for

A

investigating disinfectant and antibiotic action

31
Q

how do you sterilise an inoculating loop

A

pass it through a blue bunsen burner flame

31
Q

why should a petri dish be secured with tape

A

stops bacteria from air contaminating the culture

32
Q

why are cultures incubated at 25C in school labs

A

harmful pathogens are less likely to grow at this temperature

biology (14 decks)

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