T12 YR11 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Define finite?
Non renewable, resources that are being used up at a faster rate than they can be replaced
Define renewable?
Can be replaced at same rate that they are being used e.g. crops for biofuels
Give 3 examples of finite resources?
Metal ores, crude oil, limestone
Define sustainability?
The developments that meet the needs of society today without endangering the ability of future generations to meet their needs
Give 2 examples of improving sustainability?
Plastic front plants - Ethernet and fermentation
Generating electricity from the use of wood chips
What are alternative synthetic products used for?
To reduce the use of natural resources
What is water that is safe to drink called?
Potable - no bacteria, no pathogens e.g. e.coli, cholera, typhoid
Give 3 stores of water?
Rivers, lakes, man made reservoirs
What are the 5 stages of purification?
Screening - through metal screens
Flocculation - chemicals added to water reacting with impurities for impurities to stick together
Settling - water sent to sedimentation tanks where flocs settle forming sludge, removed from the bottom of the tank
Filtration - water filtered through beds of gravel, sand and coal to remove any remaining solids
Additives - chlorine added to disinfect water and prevent future growth of pathogens
What is desalination?
Separating salt from water using reverse osmosis and the need for energy to pressurise the water
What are the 4 stages of sewage treatment?
Screening -through metal screens
Primary treatment - solid settlement settles at bottom and sludge is piped off for further treatment
Secondary treatment - bacteria broken down by harmful microbes aerobically and tank is aerated to breakdown remaining organic material
Final treatment - bacteria recycled onto sludge, water now safe to be released into river and UV could further treat sewage
How is sewage SLUDGE treated?
Treated by anaerobic bacteria which will convert it into biogas which can be purified itself (often methane)
What are the 2 types of copper ores?
Copper rich ore
Low grade copper ore
How is copper extracted from copper RICH ores?
Sulphuric acid coverts to copper sulfate when smelted at a high temp which then creates impure copper which is purified via electrolysis
What is the type of reaction involved in smelting?
Thermal decomposition- Malachites leave behind copper oxide CuCO3 - CuO + CO2
What is an alternative method of purifying copper than electrolysis?
Adding scrap iron - Displacement reaction
What are the 2 always to extract from low grade copper ores?
Bioleaching
Phytomining
Explain bioleaching?
Bacteria feed on ores, solution of copper irons is present as a leachate then the leachate (copper ions) can be purified via iron or electrolysis
Explain phytomining?
Plants absorb copper ions, plants are burned, ash is recovered, sulphuric acid then added to make copper sulfate
What is the 4 stages of a life cycle assessment LCA?
- Getting and processing raw materials
- Making the product
- Using, reusing, maintaining the product
- Disposing the product
