T2: GI System (CH. 20) Flashcards
___ problems are the source of complaints and discomfort for older adults.
GI
___ can delay the diagnosis and treatment of specific pathogens.
Self-treatment
Atrophy of the __ affects __ __ and decreases taste sensation.
tongue
taste buds
____ production decreases, resulting in trouble swallowing.
saliva
___ results in weaker esophageal contractions and weakness of the sphincter.
Presbyesophagus
Esophageal and stomach ___ decreases.
motility
There is an increase risk for __ and indigestion.
aspiration
There is decreased __ of the stomach.
elasticity
Stomach has higher pH as a result of decline in ___ and ___.
hydrochloric acid and pepsin
A decline in hydrochloric acid causes an increase in the incidence of gastric __.
irritation
What interferes with absorption of calcium, iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12?
the decline in hydrochloric acid
What interferes with absorption of protein?
The decline in pepsin
Fewer cells on absorbing surface of ___ wall impact the absorption of dextrose, xylose, and vitamins B and D.
intestinal
Slower peristalsis, inactivity, reduced food/fluid intake, drugs, and low-fiber diet increased the risk for ___.
constipation
Sensory perception decreases which may lead to __ or ___.
constipation or incomplete emptying of the bowel
___ salt synthesis decreases
Bile
Bile salt synthesis decreases which leads to ____.
Increase in the risk of gallstone development
The ___ changes affect the digestion of fats.
pancreas
What means “Dry Mouth”?
Xerostomia
What does Xerostomia result from?
Decreased saliva, some medications, Sjogren’s syndrome, mouth breathing, and altered cognition
How can you treat xerostomia? (3)
Saliva substitutes, sipping water, sugarless candy and gum
Which intervention will promote saliva production for the older adult living with xerostomia?
sucking on hard sugarless candy
Poor dentition can restrict food intake and lead to what two things?
- constipation
- malnutrition
What are 3 causes of Dysphagia?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), stroke, and structural disorders
Incidence of swallowing difficulties __ with age.
increases
2 Goals of care and interventions for dysphagia?
Prevention of aspiration
Promotion of adequate nutritional status
Which medical problem may result in dysphagia?
GERD
Two types of hiatal hernia’s?
sliding (axial)
rolling (paraesophageal)
The ___ type is the most common type of hiatal hernia.
sliding
The __ type of hiatal hernia occurs when a part of the stomach and the junction of the stomach and esophagus slide through the diaphragm.
sliding