T3: just drogas Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
phenylephrine
A
a1-agonist
maintain BP during neurogenic shock, hemorrhoids, nasal congestion, supraventricular tachycardia, mydriatic
2
Q
midodrine
A
a1-agonist
orthostatic hypotension, urinary incontinence
3
Q
cocaine
A
indirect acting sympathomimetic
inhibits reuptake NE at symp. nerve terminals
local anesthetic, vasoconstriction, reduces epistaxis
4
Q
pseudoephedrine/ephedrine
A
indirect acting sympathomimetic
stim. rel. of NE from symp. nerve endings and dir. stim. adr. rec.
pseudoephedrine: tx nasal/bronchial congestion
5
Q
amphetamine/methamphetamine/
methylphenidate
A
indirect acting sympathomimetic
stim. catechol. rel. from symp. and central* nerve endings
6
Q
acebutolol (sectral)
A
B1-blocker
(part. agonist and mem stab) compete reversibly with NE
antiHTN, prevent CV disease
protect against catecholamine and thyroid storm
7
Q
atenolol (tenormin)
A
B1-blocker
antiHTN, prevent CV disease
protect against catecholamine and thyroid storm
8
Q
esmolol (brevibloc)
A
B1-blocker
antiHTN, short duration, use in acute tx
protect against catecholamine and thyroid storm
9
Q
metoprolol (lopressor, toprol-XL)
A
B1-blocker
(mem stab?)
antiHTN, prevent CV disease
protect against catecholamine and thyroid storm
10
Q
nadolol (corgard)
A
B1 and B2 blocker
antiHTN, prevent CV disease, long-duration, chronic
protect against catecholamine and thyroid storm
11
Q
pindolol
A
B1 and B2 blocker
(part. agonist and men stab?)
antiHTN, prevent CV disease
protect against catecholamine and thyroid storm
12
Q
propranolol (inderal-LA)
A
B1 and B2 blocker
(mem stab)
antiHTN, prevent CV disease
protect against catecholamine and thyroid storm
13
Q
timolol (timoptic)
A
B1 and B2 blocker
antiHTN, prevent CV disease
glaucoma: red. IOP by inhib. AH prod. (cil. epi) (little mem. stabilizing effect)
protect against catecholamine and thyroid storm
14
Q
labetalol (trandate)
A
combo B-blocker PLUS a-blocker
antiHTN (primary) mod-severe, emergency tx of HTN crisis prevent CV disease
15
Q
nebivolol
A
combo B1-blocker/endo-dep vasodilator
antiHTN, prevent CV disease (prod. NO from endothelium)
16
Q
carvedilol
A
combo B1-blocker/a-blocker/antioxidant
heart failure
17
Q
sotalol
A
combo B-blocker/K+channel blocker
arrythmias
18
Q
phenoxybenzamine (dibenzyline)
A
non-selective a1 and a2 blocker
antiHTN, long-acting, pheochromocytoma pre-op/inop
only a-blocker that is non-competitive, irreversible
19
Q
phentolamine (oraVerse)
A
non-selective a1 and a2 blocker
antiHTN, short-acting, “Phentolamine test”: dx pheos, use DURING pheo surg., NE OD, prev. local dermal tissue necrosis from NE
oraVerse reverses local anesthesia constriction
20
Q
prazosin (minipress)
A
selective a1 blocker
antiHTN, long-term mild-mod, CV disease prevention, BPH relief, Raynaud’s, PTSD nightmares
21
Q
terazosin (hytrin)
A
selective a1 blocker
antiHTN (BPH) prevent CV disease
22
Q
doxazosin (cardura)
A
selective a1 blocker
antiHTN, (BPH), CV disease prevention
23
Q
tamsulosin (flomax)
A
selective a1 blocker (a1A subtype)
BPH
24
Q
alfuzosin (uroxatral)
A
selective a1 blocker (“uroselectivity”)
BPH
25
silodosin (rapaflo)
selective a1 blocker (a1A subtype)
| BPH
26
reserpine
sympathetic neuronal blocker, peripherally-acting
antiHTN, *CV disease prevention*
dec. uptake of DA and NE into storage vesicles-->dec. available NE to rec.-->dec. CO and TPR
CNS effects, *irrev.
27
guanethidine
sympathetic neuronal blocker, peripherally-acting
antiHTN (not used anymore)
dec. uptake of DA & NE into storage vesicles-->dec. available NE to rec.-->dec. CO and TPR
also directly blocks NE release from nerve endings
(interactions w/ tricyc. antideps: imipramine, desipramine)
28
methyldopa
sympathetic neuronal blocker, centrally-acting, prodrug
(actually a2-rec agonist! (neg FDBK))
antiHTN, esp. during pregnancy, *CV disease prevention*
*all centrally acting adr. blockers: stim. a2 adr. rec in brain (neg fdbk)-->indir. red SNA from CNS(vasomotor center)-->peripheral CV organs
29
clonidine (catapres)
sympathetic neuronal blocker, centrally-acting
(actually a2-rec agonist! (neg FDBK))
tx primary HTN, ADHD, hot flashes, PTSD, withdrawal (etOH, nicotine, morphine), analgesic into spinal cord
*CV disease prevention* can use patch for smooth BP control, more rebound HTN than methyldopa
30
guanabenz
sympathetic neuronal blocker, centrally-acting
(actually a2-rec agonist! (neg FDBK))
antiHTN, lowers cholesterol
31
guanfacine
sympathetic neuronal blocker, centrally-acting
(actually a2-rec agonist! (neg FDBK))
antiHTN, ADHD (intuniv)
32
aproclonidine
sympathetic neuronal blocker, centrally-acting
(actually a2-rec agonist! (neg FDBK))
lower post-surg. IOP (inc. a2 agonist in eye)
33
brimonidine
sympathetic neuronal blocker (a2 agonist)
| lower IOP in glaucoma
34
nicotine
```
ganglionic stimulant (blocks at high doses)
nicotine addiction tx
```
35
mecamylamine
```
ganglionic blocker (pre-post nicotinic neural) *discontinued*
tx severe HTN, Tourette's, nicotine addiction tx
(trimethaphan, hexametonium also discontinued)
```
36
epinephrine
adrenergic bronchodilator
*B agonists also stabilize mast cells, inhib. degranulation/rel. of autocoids
tx for acute/life-threatening asthma (B2 typically) (epi. inc. cardiac performance)
BLACK BOX FOR ALL ADR. BRONCHODILATORS: may cause death in asthmatic pts (CNS: seizures; heart: palpitations)
37
isoproterenol
adrenergic bronchodilator
38
metaproterenol (alupent)
adrenergic bronchodilator
39
albuterol (ventolin)
adrenergic bronchodilator
40
levalbuterol (xopenex)
adrenergic bronchodilator
41
salmeterol (serevent)
adrenergic bronchodilator
| *long acting, not acute tx
42
terbutaline (brethine)
adrenergic bronchodilator
43
pirbuterol (maxair)
adrenergic bronchodilator
44
theophylline (theodur)
```
methylxanthine bronchodilators
severe asthma
also stabilize mast cells, inhib. phosphodiesterase-->inc. cAMP in smooth musc/mast cells
interact w/ adenosine rec
*narrow tx window*
```
45
aminophylline
```
methylxanthine bronchodilators
severe asthma
also stabilize mast cells, inhib. phosphodiesterase-->inc. cAMP in smooth musc/mast cells
interact w/ adenosine rec
*narrow tx window*
```
46
beclomethasone (QVAR, Vanceril)
corticosteroids
47
flunisolide (aerobid)
corticosteroids
48
triamcinolone (azmacort, nasocort)
corticosteroids
49
fluticasone (flovent, flonase)
corticosteroids
| fluticasone + vilanterol = breo ellipta inhaler : COPD
50
budesonide (pulmicort, rhinocort)
corticosteroids
51
prednisone (oral)
```
corticosteroids
allergic rxns, asthma (ppx, not nec. acute) (red. sev, shorten duration of attacks); v. severe allergies
inhaled forms (vs. systemic) red. toxicity
*corticosteroids primarily anti-inflammatory, inhib. autocoid syn., red. cell-mediated immunological damage; secondarily stabilize mast cells
```
52
mometasone (asmanex, nasonex)
corticosteroids
53
methylprednisonlone (oral)
corticosteroids
54
cromolyn sodium
mast cell stabilizer
inhib. rel. of histamine/other autocoids from sens. mast cells
ppx, not acute; use w/ other agents
asthma, allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis, GI allergies
55
monteleukast (singulair)
leukotriene modulator
blocks leukotriene rec (CysLT 1 and 2)
aspirin-sensitive asthma, dec. freq and sev.
*seasonal allergies*
56
zafirleukast (accolate)
leukotriene modulator
blocks leukotriene rec (CysLT 1 and 2)
aspirin-sensitive asthma, dec. freq and sev.
57
zileuton (zyflo)
leukotriene modulator
inhibits lipooxygenase enzyme, dec. leukotriene formation
aspirin-sensitive asthma, dec. freq and sev. (QID)
58
ipratropium (atrovent)
antimuscarinic
prevent acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm
quaternary, few syst. effects
59
tiotropium (spiriva)
antimuscarinic
prevent acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm
COPD
60
aclidinium (tudorza)
antimuscarinic
prevent acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm
COPD
61
advair diskus
(salmeterol/fluticasone)
| combo product for asthma
62
combivent
(ipratroium/albuterol)
| combo product for asthma
63
symbicort
(formoterol/budesonide)
| combo product for asthma
64
dulera
(formoterol/mometasone)
| combo product for asthma
65
omalizumab (xolair)
immunomodulator (anti-IgE), MoAb
asthma
give IV, inj.
66
diphenhydramine (benadryl)
H1 histamine antagonist
| tx allergic rhinitis, dermatitis, conjunctivitis NOT asthma/anaphylaxis; dec. severity of symptoms
67
fexofenadine (allegra)
H1 histamine antagonist
| tx allergic rhinitis, dermatitis, conjunctivitis NOT asthma/anaphylaxis; dec. severity of symptoms
68
cetirizine (zyrtec)
H1 histamine antagonist
| tx allergic rhinitis, dermatitis, conjunctivitis NOT asthma/anaphylaxis; dec. severity of symptoms
69
loratidine (claritin, alavert)
H1 histamine antagonist
| tx allergic rhinitis, dermatitis, conjunctivitis NOT asthma/anaphylaxis; dec. severity of symptoms
70
hydrochlorothiazide (microzide)
diuretic (thiazide)
works at distal convoluted tubule, prev. reabsorp. NaCl
antiHTN, prevent CV disease
71
furosemide (lasix)
diuretic (loop)- most powerful!
works at thick asc. limb of loop of Henle, prev. reabsorb. Na and Cl
antiHTN, prevent CV disease
72
spironolactone (aldactone)
diuretic
K+ sparing, works at collecting duct
antiHTN, prevent CV disease
73
verapamil (calan)
Ca2+ channel blocker
| antiHTN, *prevent CV disease* (works in heart)
74
nifedipine (procardia-XL)
Ca2+ channel blocker
| antiHTN, *prevent CV disease* (works @ arts)
75
captopril (capoten)
ACE inhibitor
prev. conversion of AngI-->AngII
antiHTN, *prevent CV disease*
76
losartan (cozaar)
Angiotensin II rec blocker (ARBs)
works AFTER AngII produced; blocks binding
antiHTN, *prevent CV disease*
77
lovastatin (mevacor)
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
| tx for hyperlipoproteinemia (reduce cholesterol), prevent CV disease
78
levothryoxine (synthroid)
synthetic T4
tx for hypothyroidism
(2nd most prescribed drug in US)
79
131-Iodine
tx hyperthyroidism
kills thyroid cells, need other hyperthyroid drugs to make pt EUTHYROID before 131-I, also for thyroid Ca
not for nursing moms
80
propylthiouracil (PTU)
thionamide
tx hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm
inhibit steps 3 (iodination) and 4 (coupling of iodotyrosines)
*do not inhibit release of T4/T3*
**also inhibits deiodinase (T4-->T3), better for more severe cases**
better for pregnant pts
81
KI (Potassium Iodide, Lugol's solution)
iodine
tx hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm
inhibits synthesis AND release of pre-formed/stored hormone, temporary, used w/ thionamides (1st) (thy. storm)
then propranolol, glucocorticoids, antipyretics (NOT ASA)
82
alendronate (fosomax)
amino substituted bisphosphonate
more potent, longer acting
osteoporosis, Paget's disease
incorp. into bone-inhib pyrophosphates in osteoclasts-slow bone turnover
83
risedronate (actonel)
pyridinal bisphosphonate
osteoporosis, Paget's disease
incorp. into bone-inhib pyrophosphates in osteoclasts-slow bone turnover (binds hydroxyapatite in bone)
84
ibandronate (boniva)
bisphosphonate (1x/month)
osteoporosis, hypercalcemia (malignancy)
incorp. into bone-inhib pyrophosphates in osteoclasts-slow bone turnover
85
zoledronic acid (relclast, zometa)
bisphosphonate (take 1x/year!)
reclast: osteoporosis, Paget's disease
zometa: hypercalcemia (malignancy)
incorp. into bone-inhib pyrophosphates in osteoclasts-slow bone turnover
86
raloxifene (evista)
selective ESTROGEN receptor modulator (SERM)
osteoporosis (postmenopausal)
dec. osteoclast activity AND inc. osteoblast activity
(less breast ca, HD risk then general estrogen) (agonist in bone, antag in breast/uterus)
87
calcitriol (rocaltrol)
1,25 hydroxyvitamin D
inc. dietary Ca2+ absorp. in GI, promotes osteoblast act.
osteoporosis, (hypoparathyroidism)
88
calcitonin (calcimar)
from parafollicular C cells, lowers serum Ca2+ (inhib. osteolysis), decreases osteoclast activity
hypercalcemia, Paget's disease (bone), 2nd line for postmen. osteoporosis
89
methimazole (tapazole)
thionamide
tx hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm
inhibit steps 3 (iodination) and 4 (coupling of iodotyrosines)
*do not inhibit release of T4/T3*
90
T3 or 3,5,3'-triidothyronine (cytomel)
tx for hypothyroidism
very potent
rarely used except in sev. situations (in conjunction w/ levothyroxine)
91
desiccated animal thyroid (armour thyroid)
tx for hypothyroidism
combo T3, T4; not 1st choice, use if don't respond to levothyroxine
weight loss products OTC
92
liotrix (euthroid)
tx for hypothyroidism
| 4:1 mixture T4:T3, expensive, rarely used
93
aspirin, ibuprofin, NSAIDs, etc
inhib. PG syn (COX-1 and COX-2)
act at nerve endings in CNS
anti-inflammatory effects
94
acetaminophen
inhibs. PG syn in nerve endings and CNS, not periphery
| no antiinflammatory action
95
ketorolac (toradol)
injectable NSAID
| alt. to opioid for short-term pain
96
celocoxib
selective COX-2 inhib (rofecoxib, valdecoxib no longer on the market)
97
local anesthetics (lidocaine)
block sodium channels in nerve endings and axons and stop gen/cond of APs
98
opioids
agonists at rec. for endorphins and enkephalins
act in limbic system
can act in SC to inhibit pain transmission
99
morphine
u agonist opioid analgesic
| severe pain
100
codeine
u agonist opioid analgesic
| moderate pain
101
fentanyl (sublimaze)
u agonist opioid analgesic
| severe pain
102
heroin
u agonist opioid analgesic
| schedule 1: do not prescribe (no shit)
103
hydrocodone (vicodin, lortab)
u agonist opioid analgesic
| moderate pain
104
hydromorphone (dilaudid)
u agonist opioid analgesic
| severe pain
105
meperidine (demerol)
u agonist opioid analgesic
| *controversial!*
106
methadone (dolophine)
u agonist opioid analgesic
*controversial!*
severe pain
tx heroin addiction
107
oxycodone (percodan, percocet, oxycontin)
u agonist opioid analgesic
*controversial!*
severe pain
108
pentazocine (talwin)
partial/mixed agonist/antagonist opioid analgesic
109
buprenorphine (buprenex, subutrex, suboxone)
partial/mixed agonist/antagonist opioid analgesic
110
tramadol (ultram)
partial/mixed agonist/antagonist opioid analgesic
*controversial!*
moderate pain
111
vicodin
5 mg hydrocodone + 500 mg acetaminophen
| *be careful w/ combos, may OD*
112
amitriptyline
antidepressant, tx for chronic pain w. opioids, neurogenic pain
113
carbamazepine
anticonvulsant, tx for neurogenic pain
114
gabapentin (neurontin)
anticonvulsant, tx for neurogenic pain
115
pregabalin (lyrica)
anticonvulsant, tx for neurogenic pain
116
ciclesonide (alvesco, omnaris)
corticosteroid
117
norepinephrine
antidote for too much ganglionic block: CV support for neurogenic shock
118
pamidronate (aredia)
amino substituted bisphosphonate
| hypercalcemia of malignancy, Paget's disease (occas.)
119
zoledronate (zometa)
new bisphosphonate
| hypercalcemia
