T3 Readings Flashcards
What is the diagnostic criteria for diabetes based on A1C or plasma glucose?
A1C >= 6.5%, FPG >= 126 mg/dL, or 2-h PG >= 200 mg/dL.
When should screening for diabetes begin?
At age 35, or earlier in adults with overweight or risk factors.
What is the recommended screening interval for diabetes if initial tests are normal?
Every 3 years.
What medications are known to increase the risk of diabetes?
Glucocorticoids, statins, thiazide diuretics, and second-generation antipsychotics.
How should screening be managed in individuals on second-generation antipsychotics?
Screen for prediabetes and diabetes at baseline and 12-16 weeks after medication initiation.
What is the treatment recommendation for individuals with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?
Screen for prediabetes or diabetes at 4–12 weeks postpartum and lifelong every 3 years.
What is the A1C range that indicates high risk for diabetes?
A1C range of 5.7–6.4%.
What is the most appropriate glucose test for diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?
75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–28 weeks of gestation.
What is the target A1C for many nonpregnant adults with diabetes?
A1C < 7%.
What should be considered when selecting diabetes medications for individuals with cardiovascular disease?
Use SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists with demonstrated cardiovascular benefits.
What is the A1C target for older adults with complex health status?
A1C target of 7.5% to 8.0%.
What is the role of CGM in diabetes management?
It provides detailed data for optimizing glucose control, especially in insulin-treated patients.
How should diabetes be managed in patients with HIV?
Screen for diabetes before starting or switching antiretroviral therapy, and repeat screening 3–6 months after changes.
What are the primary risk factors for type 2 diabetes?
Obesity, family history of diabetes, and certain racial/ethnic groups.
How should diabetes be screened in children and adolescents?
Screen youth with overweight or obesity and additional risk factors, starting at age 10 or puberty.
What is overbasalization in insulin therapy?
When the basal insulin dose exceeds 0.5 units/kg/day and causes hypoglycemia or high glucose variability.
What lifestyle intervention is recommended to prevent type 2 diabetes?
Weight loss and increased physical activity.
What is the treatment strategy for type 1 diabetes?
Use of multiple daily injections of insulin or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.
What should be the frequency of glucose monitoring in patients with insulin therapy?
At least two times a year, or more frequently if not meeting treatment goals.
What is the use of glucagon in diabetes management?
It is used to treat severe hypoglycemia in insulin-treated patients.
What is the screening protocol for diabetes in individuals with pancreatitis?
Screen within 3–6 months following an episode of acute pancreatitis.
What is the significance of A1C in diabetes diagnosis?
It provides an estimate of average blood glucose levels over 2-3 months.
When should screening for prediabetes and diabetes be considered in asymptomatic adults?
In adults with overweight or obesity and one or more risk factors.
What is the diagnostic criteria for impaired fasting glucose (IFG)?
FPG 100–125 mg/dL.
