Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 241 > T8 Thermoregulation > Flashcards

T8 Thermoregulation Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

regulation of internal environment in face of changes in external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parameters of homeostasis

A

pH, water (volume and pressure of cells and blood plasma, osmoregulation), solutes, temperature, O2/CO2, heart rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Negative feedback mechanisms

A

change in a variable under homeostatic control triggers response that opposes change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sensor

A

detects environmental conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Integrator

A

analyzes signal from sensor, compares conditions to set point and activates appropriate effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Effector

A

causes a physiological change that opposes the deviation from the set pont

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Positive feedback mechanisms

A

change in a variable under homeostatic control triggers a response that amplifies change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thermo regulation .

A

regulating internal body temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ambient Temperature

A

Ta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Body temperature

A

Tb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Heat generated by metabolism

A

body heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Heat can be exchanged with environments by conduction, convection, evaporation and radiation

A

body heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Have lower conductance due to Smaller SA/V ratios

A

Large organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Homeotherm

A

maintains constant body temperature (Tb) independent of ambient temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Heterotherm

A

Tb fluctuates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Endotherm

A

uses metabolism to generate body heat (internal heat source)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ectotherm

A

acquires body heat from environment (external heat sources)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Thermal Neutral Zone

A

temperature range around an animal where it can maintain its normal body temperature without using extra energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Below TNZ (hypothermy)

A

Shivering, vasoconstriction, piloerection, decreasing surface area, decreasing exposure (huddling/burrowing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Above TNZ (Hyperthermy)

A

Panting, vasodilation, sweating, increasing surface area, decreasing exposure (to sun)

21
Q

Long term thermoregulation

A

Growing fur/adding fat, shedding, changing colour

22
Q

Behavioural Regulation of Conductance

A

Moving to optimize heat exchange with the environment to attain an ideal body temperature

23
Q

Exposure

A

movement into, or out of, the sun/wind. Surface area

24
Q

Grouping

A

huddling together to share radiation

25
Q

Dormancy

A

break in organism’s life when it takes a rest, pausing growth and activity to save energy.

26
Q

Daily torpor

A

A short (6-8 hours) reduction in activity ~10C drop in Tb and a lower MR Reduce spending energy to stay warm (especially when food is scarce in winter)

27
Q

Hibernation

A

Tb regulated close to Ta • Massive reduction in MR • Lasts ~2 weeks before arousal • Requires massive heat generation for arousal • Awake for 1-2 days and then repeats

28
Q

Migration

A

Complete avoidance of poor environmental conditions

29
Q

Membrane Acclimation

A

Changes in ambient temperature and osmolarity cause fluctuations in the fluidity of cell membranes.

30
Q

Acclimated to 5C

A

lots of unsaturated fatty acids in membranes. At 25C membranes too fluid

31
Q

Acclimated to 25C

A

lots of saturated fatty acids in membranes. At 5C are too viscous

32
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Decreases conductance with environment

33
Q

Vasoconstriction Endotherms

A

when cold to retain heat

34
Q

Vasoconstriction Ectotherms

A

when hot to retain heat

35
Q

Vasodilation

A

Increases conductance with environment

36
Q

Vasodilation Endotherm

A

when hot to release heat

37
Q

Vasodilation Ectotherm

A

when cold to increase heat gained from environment

38
Q

Internal insulation

A

Fat/blubber (internal insulation layer to slow rate of heat transfer)

39
Q

External insulation

A

Fur/feather (external insulation layer to slow rate of heat transfer)

40
Q

Piloerection

A

“fluffing” of fur/feather decreasing the rate of heat transfer by increasing thickness of insulation layer

41
Q

Dark fur

A

absorbs light and generates heat outside of insulation layer (easily lost to environment

42
Q

White fur

A

allows light to reach skin and generates heat inside of insulation layer (keeps arctic animals warmer)

43
Q

Sweating and panting

A

heat loss due to evaporation

44
Q

Cryoprotectants

A

molecules (glucose, glycerol) produced to lower freezing point

45
Q

Ice nucleating agents

A

antifreeze proteins prevents ice formation

46
Q

Shivering Thermogenesis

A

simultaneous action of antagonistic muscles generates heat without cause movement

47
Q

Non-Shivering Thermogenesis

A

molecular generation of heat

48
Q

Brown fat

A

special fat tissue loaded with special mitochondria (uses PMF for heat generation instead of ATP production)

Bio 241 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions