TA1 Flashcards
(45 cards)
How does age affect pre conception health of a woman ?
• Fertility declines after age of 35
• changes of downs syndrome in baby
increase-> older woman
• menopause-> woman can’t conceive
naturally
How does age affect pre conception health of men?
• can father child until old age
• sperm quality decrease after age of 40 -> higher chance of child with condition
How does weight affect pre conception
health of woman?
• unhealthy weight-> affect ovulation
• lead to health complications e.g. diabetes-> put pregnant woman & baby at higher risk
How does weight affect pre conception health of men?
• unhealthy diet-> lower sperm count & quality
• excess weight can interrupt sexual activity-> difficult to ejaculate in vagina
How does smoking affect pre conception health of women?
• affect ovulation timing
• lead to changes in cervix area & lining of uterus
How does smoking affect pre conception health of men?
• lower sperm count
• abnormal sperm
How does alcohol affect pre conception health of women?
• heavier & irregular periods
• prevent egg implantation
How does alcohol affect pre conception health of men?
• affect production of testosterone -> leads to impotence ( not being able to have an erection)
• lower sperm count & abnormal sperm
How does drugs affect pre conception health of women?
• ovulation problems
• long term drug use-> permanent damage to reproductive organs
How does drugs affect pre conception health of men?
• lower sperm count & quality
• long term use-> permanent damage to reproductive organs
Advantages of being a younger parent
• healthier, fitter, more energy
• longer life expectancy
• recover from pregnancy faster & birth faster
• less likely to have a child with Down’s syndrome, healthier baby
• other family members can help
Disadvantages of being a younger parent
• less financially stable
• may not feel ready or not confident about the responsibilities
• may not be in a secure relationship
• may not want yo give up a large part of their social life
Advantages of being a older parent
• financially stable
• mature, relaxed, confident, experienced
• stable relationship
Disadvantages of being an older parent
• likely to have a baby with down syndrome
• menopause, lower sperm count
• shorter life expectancy
• take longer time to recover from pregnancy
Why is it important to have vaccine for rubella ?
• high risks of birth defects e.g blindness/ deafness
• lead to miscarriages & stillbirth
Why is it important to have vaccine for whooping cough?
• prevent pneumonia & brain damage in babies
Why is it important to have vaccine for Flu ?
• pregnant woman has higher risks of developing complications if she catches flu
• cause baby to be born prematurely, low weight, stillborn, die
Why is it important to have vaccine for Covid 19 ?
• could pass on the virus to her baby
Male & female condom
• 98% (male) , 95% (female) effective if used correctly
+ protect against STI
+ no side effects
+ widely available & free
+ allow man to take responsibility
- can slip or tear
- may interrupt sexual pleasure
- single use
- female condom can be pushed into vagina
Diaphragm/ cap
• 92% effective if used correctly
+ gel kills sperms
+ can be put in place hours before intercourse
+ no serious side effects
+ no need to take any hormones
- requires practice to use it correctly
- no protection against STIs
- not easily available
Progesterone only pill
• 99% effective if used correctly
+ doesn’t interrupt sexual pleasure
+ can be used whilst breastfeeding
+ thins uterus lining
+ thickens cervical mucus
- only available on prescription
- needs to be taken at same time each day
- may be affected by use of other medicines
- irregular periods e.g irregular periods
Combined pills
• 99% effective if used effectively
+ lighter & less painful periods
+ reduce risk of health conditions & diseases e.g. fibroids, cancer
+ prevent ovulation
+ doesn’t interrupt sex
- only available on prescription
- not suitable for women over 35 or who smoke
- needs to be taken same time each day
- side effects e.g. mood swings
- increase blood pressure & blood clots
Emergency contraceptive pill
• most effective if taken within 3 days
+ used after intercourse e.g. if condom breaks
- only available at designated pharmacies
- may be affected by other medications
- side effects e.g. heavy bleeding
Contraceptive injection
• any time during menstrual cycle
• 99+% effective if used correctly
+ doesn’t interrupt sexual pleasure
+ protect against cancers & infections
+ safe when breastfeeding
+ no need to take a daily pill
- side effects e.g. headaches
- could take up to a year to get fertility levels back to normal
- only available on prescription
