Taak 1: Intro, anxiety & hyperventilation Flashcards
What is the terror management theory? Does it start when you are born?
The basic gist of the theory is that humans are motivated to quell the potential for terror inherent in the human awareness of vulnerability and mortality by investing in cultural belief systems.
Begins around the age of 3, because then they become kind of concerned with the problem of death and anxieties.
Which is not one of the major types of anxiety according to Freud?
A. Neurotic anxiety
B. Moral anxiety
C. Reality anxiety
D. Behaviour anxiety
D. behaviour anxiety
What is the prevalence of anxiety disorders in the Netherlands?
1 in 5 people in the Netherlands develops an anxiety disorder.
Does this person have a panic disorder? Explain why (with at least 3 reasons).
A person takes drugs on a festival, and all of a sudden they had a feeling of choking and a fear of losing control, they felt their heart pounding. The next week they were worried about losing control and having the heart attack. One month later they went to an other festival and took the drugs again.
The person does not have a panic disorder because of the following reasons:
- They took drugs on a festival, and the physological effects can be caused of that.
- They had 3 symptoms and it is necessary to have 4.
- The worry about having a heart attack and losing control, needs to stay for at least a month.
- The behaviour hasn’t changed in avoiding a festival or drugs.
For the last 2 months a woman found herself having difficulty with control her worry. She has sleep disturbance, has difficulty concentrating and is easily fatigued. Because of this she is having problems at work and can not keep up with her job. Could Generalized Anxiety Disorder be diagnosed?
It couldn’t because she is having these symptoms for 2 months. They need to be there for at least 6 months. If the symptoms stay the same or get worse, she could be diagnosed after these 6 months.
8 months ago, a woman was in a car accident. This left her with many injuries, including scars on her face. Now she is afraid to go outside and meet unfamiliar people. She is afraid she will be judged for her “ugly” appearance. Could she be diagnosed with SAD?
She could not because her anxiety is related to her injury. If another medical condition is present, the fear, anxiety or avoidance needs to be unrelated or is excessive. (Need more information to find out it is really excessive..)
True or false?
Around 5% of people will develop Panic Disordere, and around 28% of people will experience a panic attack.
(According to an article)
True
What is the correct order from greatest prevalence to lowest?
A. PD, GAD, SAD
B. SAD, PD, GAD
C. PD, SAD, GAD
D. SAD, GAD, PD
D. SAD (7% / 12% lifetime), GAD (2.9/5% lifetime), PD (2.4/ 5% lifetime) (GAD and PD are very close)
Which model implies that the vulnerability of particular patients to the experience of acute panic is the result of a person’s enduring tendency to interpret bodily sensations in a catastrophic fashion (and not a direct result of biological pathology producing excessive autonomic discharge)?
A. Intolerance of uncertainty model
B. The avoidance theory of worry
C. Cognitive model of panic
D. Panic acceptance-based model
C. Cognitive model of panic
Which of the following best describes hypocapnic alkalosis?
A. An increase in blood pH due to a decrease in bicarbonate levels
B. A decrease in blood pH due to an increase in carbon dioxide levels
C. An increase in blood pH due to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels
D. A decrease in blood pH due to an increase in bicarbonate levels
C. An increase in blood pH due to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels
Why are traditional behavioral exposure techniques impossible in the treatment of worry (GAD)?
A. Individuals with GAD are highly focused on repetitive verbal activity regarding potential future negative events.
B. GAD is not characterized by motoric avoidance of disorder-specific situations.
C. GAD does not entail sympathetic activation.
D. Individuals with GAD evidence non adaptive ways of perceiving, interpreting, and predicting events in their lives.
B. GAD is not characterized by motoric avoidance of disorder-specific situations.
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. Worrying can be divided into two subgroups, namely normal and pathological.
B. GAD patients show no sympathetic hyperactivity, except for muscle tension.
C. Positive beliefs about worrying (causing the usage of Type I worry) are common and not necessarily pathological.
D. People with GAD try to suppress Type I worry as a coping strategy.
D. People with GAD try to suppress Type I worry as a coping strategy.
What’s the difference between panic disorder (PD) and hyperventilation syndrome?
A. One experiences bodily symptoms
B. PD is more likely to be accompanied by emotions
C. Hyperventilation is caused by emotions
B. PD is more likely to be accompanied by emotions
Which of the following examples is a type 2 worry:
A. What if I’m not home in time to make dinner?
B. If I don’t stop worrying, I will get a heart attack
C. What if I don’t pass my exam?
B. If I don’t stop worrying, I will get a heart attack
Which is false?
A. The duration of PD, SAD, GAD is at least 6 months.
B. The onset is different, SAD starts earliest in childhood, whereas PD doesn’t occur in childhood.
C. GAD and PD are associated with both type I and type II worry, SAD is only associated with type I worry.
D. If a person with GAD doesn’t do anything about it, it is a risk to get PD.
A. The duration of PD needs to be at least 1 month.
