Taak 5: Thought suppression & OCD

Question 1

What is not a difference between normal and abnormal obsessions?
a. The frequency
b. The content
c. The intensity
d. The consequences

Answer 1

B. The content

Question 2

Which statement is incorrect?
A. Normal and abnormal obsessios are similar in form and meaning?
B. With repeated practice, the latency to form obsessions decreases.
C. Performing neutralizing behaviours reduces discomfort and urges.

Answer 2

B.

Question 3

According to Rachman, what makes an intrusion abnormal? Abnormal intrusions are:

A. Associated with more feelings of guilt, more time-consuming and more frequent
B. More unacceptable, less associated with feelings of responsibility and more time-consuming
C. More frequent, more hidden from others and more unacceptable

Answer 3

A. Associated with more feelings of guilt, more time-consuming and more frequent.

Question 4

What is not a hallmark of an obsession?

A. Intrusive thoughts
B. Desire to suppress, ignore, or neutralize
C. Ego syntonic

Answer 4

C. Ego syntonic

Question 5

Why is incompleteness/NJREs harder to treat than preventing harm?
A. Fear of harm is something one can be exposed to, with regard to feelings of incompleteness/NJREs this is more difficult/not possible
B. In the case of completeness there is a very clear obsession
C. Both answers are correct

Answer 5

A.

Question 6

What is the primary difference between obsessions and compulsions?
a. Obsessions are thoughts while compulsions are behaviors.
b. Obsessions cause distress while compulsions provide relief.
c. Obsessions are repetitive while compulsions are intrusive.
d. Obsessions are conscious while compulsions are unconscious.

Answer 6

A. Obsessions are thoughts while compulsions are behaviors.

Question 7

What is the most effective treatment for OCD?
a) EMDR
b) Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)
c) CBT with a primary ERP component
d) SSRI as monotherapy or in combination with CBT

Answer 7

B. ERP

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a key difference in the underlying mechanisms between Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Anxiety Disorders?

A) Anxiety disorders involve intrusive thoughts, while OCD is characterized by excessive worry.
B) OCD is primarily driven by biological factors, while anxiety disorders are primarily caused by environmental stressors.
C) In anxiety disorders, the individual recognizes that their fears are excessive, while individuals with OCD may view their obsessions as rational.
D) The underlying mechanisms of OCD involve both genetic and environmental factors, while anxiety disorders are predominantly influenced by genetic factors.

Answer 8

C) In anxiety disorders, the individual recognizes that their fears are excessive, while individuals with OCD may view their obsessions as rational.

Question 9

What is not true?

A. Obsessions can be unwanted images
B. Compulsions are behaviors or mental acts which are connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent.
C. Compulsions are behaviors or mental acts that the individual feels driven to perform in respons to an obsession.
D. The obsession or compulsion have to take at least 1 hour per day or cause clinically significant distress.

Answer 9

B. Compulsions are behaviors or mental acts which are NOT connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent.

Question 10

What kind of specifiers can be found with OCD?

Answer 10

1. Difference in degree of insight into the excessiveness or compulsive obsessive beliefs
2. Whether someone has or had a tic disorder.

Question 11

What are subcategories for OCD?

Answer 11

• Forbidden tasks
• Symmetry ordening
• Cleaning
• Harm and checking (somatic concerns)
• (Hoarding, Self harm)

Question 12

Name 2 examples of ‘overt compulsions’ and of ‘covert compulsions’.

Answer 12

Overt (praktical): Checking, washing, symmetry.
Covert (cognitive): Counting, praying.

Question 13

What is not true?
A. Men with OCD have an earlier onset then woman.
B. Late childhood to adolescents is to most common age of onset in OCD.
C. The most people have chronic OCD (56%), then intermitted or episodisch (44%).
D. In adulthood more woman have OCD.

Answer 13

C. The most people have episodisch or intermitted OCD (56%), 44% has chronic OCD.

Question 14

What are the most comorbid disorder for OCD? (Name 4)

Answer 14

• Other anxiety disorders
• Major Depression Disorder
• Impulse-control disorder
• Substance use disorder

Question 15

What is true?
A. Obsessions are ego-dystonic which is: focus on everyday negative outcomes involving finances, work, family and health.
B. Worries are ego-dystonic which is: focus on everyday negative outcomes involving finances, work, family and health.
C. Obsessions are ego-syntonic which is: focus on fears and concerns that are
unrealistic, even irrational or imaginary.
D. Worries are ego-syntonic which is: focus on fears and concerns that are
unrealistic, even irrational or imaginary.

Answer 15

Non.
The awnser needs to be:
Obsessions are ego-dystonic which is: focus on fears and concerns that are unrealistic, even irrational or imaginary.

Worries are ego-syntonic which is: focus on everyday negative outcomes involving finances, work, family and health.

Question 16

What are two motivations for compulsions?

Answer 16

• Anxiety reduction or prevention of some imagined catastrophic outcome;
• Efforts to achieve just right sensation or to neutralize an inflated sense of
  responsibility.

Question 17

Some people use compulsions because of INC and NJRE. What do INC and NJRE stand for?

Answer 17

Some people use compulsions because of feelings of incompleteness (INC) and Not Just Right Experiences (NJRE)

Question 18

What are the first and second processes required in the suppression of a thought?

Answer 18

First the controlled distracter search, second is the automatic target search.

Question 19

What is NOT a reason why suppression of depressive thoughts will result in more frequent occurance of those thoughts?

A. The hyperaccessibility of other, negative thoughts for use as distracters which will be salient cues for the depressive thoughts targeted for suppression.
B. Individuals with depression are not able to think about postitive thoughts, only negative thoughts will occure and that is why they can’t get out of their depression.
C. Depressed individuals have a decreased performance in cognitive effort in cognitive tasks, of which thought suppression is one of them.
D. Attempts at changing someones mood makes it clear that the depression is still there. Trying to get a positive mood, will be contraproductive.

Answer 19

B.

Question 20

What is Catastrophic misinterpretation?

Answer 20

People with OCD have an inflated perception that they are responsible for harm/negative outcomes to others and self, related to their obsessions. Outcomes are perceived as way more negative than they are → overestimation.