Table 14.8

Question 1

Has systolic blood pressure under 120, diastolic blood pressure under 80, and no drug therapy needed

Answer 1

Normal

Question 2

Has systolic blood pressure from 120 to 139, diastolic blood pressure from 80 to 89, and lifestyle modification; no anti-hypertensive drug indicated

Answer 2

PreHypertension

Question 3

Has systolic blood pressure from 140 to 159, diastolic blood pressure from 90 to 99, and lifestyle modification; antihypertensive drugs needed

Answer 3

Stage one hypertension

Question 4

Has systolic blood pressure 160 or above, diastolic blood pressure 100 or above, and lifestyle modification; antihypertensive drugs needed

Answer 4

Stage two hypertension

Question 5

Increase volume of urine excreted, thus lowering blood volume. Example: thiazide, furosemide

Answer 5

Diuretics

Question 6

Act to decrease sympathoadrenal stimulation by bonding to alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the brain. Example: clonidine, alpha-methyldopa

Answer 6

Sympathoadrenal system inhibitors

Question 7

Deplete near epinephrine from sympathetic nerve endings. Example: guanethidine, reserpine

Answer 7

Sympathoadrenal system inhibitors

Question 8

Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, decreasing cardiac output and/or renin secretion. Example: atenolol

Answer 8

Sympathoadrenal system inhibitors

Question 9

Blocks alpha-adrenergic receptors, decreasing sympathetic vasoconstriction. Example: phentolamine

Answer 9

Sympathoadrenal system inhibitors

Question 10

Cause vasodilation by acting directly on vascular smooth muscle. Example: hydralazine; minoxidil sodium nitroprusside

Answer 10

Direct vasodilators

Question 11

Inhibit diffusion of calcium into vascular smooth muscle cells, causing vasodilation and reduced peripheral resistance. Example: verapamil l; diltiazem

Answer 11

Calcium channel blocker’s

Question 12

Inhibit the conversion of angiotensin one to angiotensin II. Example: captopril; enalapril

Answer 12

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor’s

Question 13

Blocks the binding of Angiotensin two to its receptor. Example: Losartan

Answer 13

Angiotensin II-receptor antagonist