TAk 7 Flashcards
(23 cards)
various aspects of seem to maintain anrorexia
starvation syndrome - especially social withdrawl
DSM-5 of anorexia
A. Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to significantly low body weight (= less than minimally normal or, for children & adolescents, less than minimally expected (suggest using BMI)) in the context of age, sex, development & physical health.
B. Intense fear of gaining weight/ becoming fat OR persistent behaviour that interferes with weight gain even though at a significantly low weight.
C. Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight/shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight/shape on self-evaluation OR persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current low body weight
Anorexia restricting subtype
during the last 3 months, the individual has not engaged in recurrent episodes of binge eating/ purging behaviour. Weight loss is primarily accomplished by dieting/fasting and/or excessive exercising
Binge eating / purging type of anorexia
during the last 3 months the individual has engaged in recurrent episodes of this behaviour (even a small amount of food is considered as binging
bulimia nervosa DSM-5
A. Recurrent episodes of binge eating, characterised by both of the following:
1. Eating, in a discrete period of time, an amount of food that is def larger than most people eat during a similar period of time in similar sitch
2. Sense of lack of control over eating during the episode
B. Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviours in order to prevent weight gain
C. Binge eating & inappropriate compensatory behaviours both occur, on average, at least once per week for 3 months
D. Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape & weight
E. Disturbance doesn’t occur exclusively during episodes of anorexia nervosa
BINGE-EATING DISORDER DSM-5
A. Recurrent episodes of binge eating, characterised by both of the following:
1. Eating, in a discrete period of time, an amount of food that is def larger than most people eat during a similar period of time in similar sitch
2. Sense of lack of control over eating during the episode
B. Binge eating episodes are associated with 3 or more of the following:
1. Eating more rapidly than normal
2. Eating until feeling uncomfortably full
3. Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry
4. Eating alone bc embarrassed by how much one eats
5. Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed or very guilty afterward
C. Marked distress regarding binge eating
D. Occurs, on average, at least once a week for 3 months
E. Not associated with recurrent use of compensatory behaviour & does not exclusively occur during course of AN or BN
anorexia vs bulimia
bulimics dont feel that fat have a realistic body image vs. anorexic have a disturbed body image think they´re fat
AN Restricting Type
Significantly underweight Body image severely disturbed Binging: no Purging: no Sense of lack of control: no
AN Binge/Purge Type
Significantly underweight Body image severely disturbed Binging: yes Purging: yes Lack of control: during binges
Bulimia Nervosa
Often normal/ overweight Overconcerned with weight Binging: yes Purging: yes Sense of lack of control: yes
Binge-Eating Disorder
Often overweight Distressed with overweight Binging: yes Purging: no Sense of lack of control: yes
Atypical anorexia nervosa
all criteria for AN are met, except significant weight loss
Bulimia nervosa of low frequency and/or limited duration
binging/purging occurs less than once a week and/or for less than 3 months
Night eating syndrome
regularly eating excessive amounts of food after dinner & into the night
biological factors
Heritability: AN = 56%, BN = 46%
General rather than specific risk
Changes in puberty seem to trigger onset
Vulnerable period of brain reorganisation
Fucked up hypothalamus as mentioned in I think body & behaviour trouble detecting hunger/ stopping when full
Starvation shrinks the brain
Serotonin deficiencies crave carbohydrates
sociocultural factors
Standards of beauty (became thinner & thinner since mid 20th century)
More valued & encouraged in females
Media exposure & peer pressure
Cognitive factors
Low self-esteem & perfectionism + dissatisfaction that comes from social pressures = toxic mix
More concerned with opinions of others more susceptible to social pressures
Dichotomous thinking: things are either all good or all bad (e.g. BN: dietary slip respond by completely abandoning efforts to restrict eating)
Obsess about eating routines and plan day around them
Attention bias: unconsciously organise perceptions of the world around body size (e.g. picture experiment)
Emotion-Regulation factors
Disordered behaviours as maladaptive strategies to deal with painful emotions (e.g. emotional eating)
Dieting subtype of binge eating: try to maintain diet often fail so binge compensate
Depressive subtype: plagued by depression & low self-esteem eat to quell these feelings
Greater social & psychological consequences over time
Family Dynamics factors
AN: overinvested & overcontrolling parents kids wanna be perfect, aren’t allowed to show negative feelings learn to monitor
Also, don’t learn to think independently separation fear & don’t trust own judgement
Rigid control of body gives sense of power over self & provides way of avoiding peer relationships
History of binge eating among family members
Insecure attachment
Dieting factors
Distinction needs to be made between
Dieting & dietary restraint
Past & current
Cognitive intention & ability to succeed
General concern about food & specific strategies for weight loss
Need close assessment as these affect people in different ways
BED: often have history of dieting, sometimes try to diet but with ridiculous expectations, high level of concern about food, lost internal sensitivity for hunger
purging disorder
only purging without binging
does not necessairly have disturbed body image
Pica-disorder (feeding-disorder)
eating uneatable thing
rumination
bring up food that has already been swallowed ( like a cow) partly digested- chew it or spit it out
