Task 6 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Anhedonia
lost of interest in everything in life
psychomotor retardation
people with depression are slowed down- talk more slowly, walk more slowly
psychomotor agitation
people feel physically agitated- cannot sit still
in severe cases of depression people might even loose touch with reality meaning
tehy exprience delusions, hallucinations. May hear voices telling them they have commited a sin)
Major depresive disorder
+last 2 weeks or more
+ at least 4 of the symptons in DSm-5
+these symp- toms must be severe enough to interfere with the person’s ability to function in everyday life
people who experience one depressive episode
2 or mpre episodes, with non depressive 2 consecutive months in between
major depressive disorder, single episode.
…., recurrent episode
Criterion A
Five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. (Note: Do not include symptoms that are clearly attributable to another medical condition.)
1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g., feels sad, empty, hopeless) or observation made by others (e.g., appears tearful). (Note: In children and adolescents, can be irritable mood.)
2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day (as indicated by either subjective account or observation).
3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain (e.g., a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day. (Note: In children, consider failure to make expected weight gain.)
4. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day.
5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or
being slowed down).
6. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day.
7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which may be delusional) nearly every day (not merely self- reproach or guilt about being sick).
8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by subjective account or as observed by others) .
9. Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.
Criterion B
The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
Criterion C
he episode is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or to another medical condition.
Note: Criteria A-C represent a major depressive episode.
Criterion D
The occurrence of the major depressive episode is not better explained by schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or other specified and unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders.
Criterion E
There has never been a manic episode or a hypomanic episode.
Note: This exclusion does not apply if all the manic-like or hypomanic-like episodes are substance-induced or are attributable to the physiological effects of another medical condition.
Persistent depressive disor- der
has as its essential fea- ture depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years
In children & adolescents ( 1 year) with never beeing without the symptons for over 2 months
+2 or more of the folowing
(a) poor appetite, (b) insomnia or hypersomnia, (c) low energy or fatigue, (d) low self-esteem, (e) poor concentration, and/or (f) hopelessness
have higjer risk or comorbidity 8 substance abuse)
comorbidities
ubstance abuse, such as alcohol abuse; anxiety disorders, such as panic disorder; and eating disorders
but depression often also results out of other disorder
depression subtypes
depression with anxious distress Mixed features Melancholic features Psychotic features Catatonic features Atypical features Seasonal pattern Peripartum onset
Mixed features
Presence of at least three manic/hypomanic symptoms, but does not meet criteria for a manic episode
Melancholic features
Inability to experience pleasure, distinct depressed mood, depression regularly worse in morning, early morning awakening, marked psychomotor retardation or agitation, significant anorexia or weight loss, excessive guilt
Psychotic features
Presence of mood-congruent or mood-incongruent delusions or hallucinationsThe content of delu- sions and hallucinations may be consistent with typical depressive themes of personal inadequacy, guilt, death, or punishment (mood-congruent), or their content is unrelated to depressive themes or mixed (mood-incongruent).
Catatonic features
Catatonic behaviors: not actively relating to environment, mutism, posturing, agitation, mimicking another’s speech or movements
Atypical features
ositive mood reactions to some events, significant weight gain or increase in appetite, hypersomnia, heavy or leaden feelings in arms or legs, long-standing pattern of sensitivity to interpersonal rejection
Seasonal pattern; seasonal affective disorder, or SAD.
History of at least two years in which major depressive episodes occur during one season of the year (usually the winter) and remit when the season is over
Peripartum onset
Onset of major depressive episode during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following delivery
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
regularly experiencing aignificant incresases in distress during period
Their symptoms are often a mixture of depression, anxiety and tension, and irritability and anger, which may occur in mood swings dur- ing the week before the onset of menses, improve once menses has begun, and become minimal or absent in the week postmenses
3 explanations why older people are less diagnosed with depression
- they die due to depression
- as people adapt they get better coping skills
- historical changes in peoples vulnerability in depression
