take home Flashcards
(102 cards)
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a malignant tumor?
a. Lack of differentiation and morphology is often atypical
b. Rate of growth may be erratic and vary from slow to rapid
c. Cells are usually, well differentiated, cohesive and well demarcated
d. Are locally invasive
C
Prussian blue is often used to stain _____ in cells.
a. Iron
b. Mitochondria
c. Calcium
d. Ribosomes
A
___________ means one mature cell type which should be present in the specific site is reversibly replaced by another mature differentiated cell type.
a. Atrophy
b. Hypertrophy
c. Metaplasia
d. Hyperplasia
C
Which of the following descriptions related to necrosis and apoptosis are incorrect?
a. Both of necrosis and apoptosis are irreversible injuries.
b. The hallmark of apoptosis is chromatin condensation and cell fragments.
c. Inflammation presents in both of necrosis and apoptosis.
d. BothrequireATP.
C
Which of the following is a characteristic of fibrosis?
a. Consequence of previous damage, such as necrosis, to an organ
b. Replacement of normal cells in a tissue by collagen-producing cells, or
fibroplasia
c. Excess extra-cellular collagen decreases the original function of the organ
d. A and C
e. A, B and C
E
Match the below terms to the below definitions
Hyperplasia Hypertrophy Atrophy Metaplasia
1. a reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type
2. the number of cells in an organ or tissue is increased, resulting in the increase of organ volume
3. cell is enlarged without division, most commonly caused by more work load
4. reduced cell size resulted from cell substance lost
- metaplasia
- hyperplasia
- hypertrophy
- atrophy
The accumulation of protein fluid in between cells or within a cavity is called:
a. Infarction
b. Edema
c. Fibrosis
B
Which of the following effects is NOT typically compatible with an apoptosis pathway activated during embryogenesis?
a. Phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies and cells
b. DNAcleavageinto50-300kilobasefragments
c. Immediate breakdown of the plasma membrane
d. Chromatin condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies
C
A mass of neoplastic liver tissue is observed. Which of the following statements would have favorable prognostic value?
a. A tremendous number of mitotic events (mitotic figures) are observed.
b. A collagen capsule is observed surrounding the tissue mass.
c. Interdigitation of abnormal cells and anatomically normal hepatocytes is
observed.
d. Cells of the neoplastic mass share little resemblance to hepatocytes.
B
Which of the following is not a characteristic of apoptosis?
a. Cell shrinkage
b. Releasedcytoplasmiccontents
c. Absence of inflammation
d. Chromatin condensation
B
True or False: Dysplasia are disturbances in the size, shape, and organization of epithelial cells in response to injurious agents. While dysplasias normally regress, they also share cytologic features of cancer cells and are considered preneoplastic lesions.
TRUE
What of the following nuclear changes are not observable by basic H&E histology?
a. Pyknosis
b. Karyolysis
c. Karyomegaly
d. Aneuploidy
D
In regards to fibrosis, the collagen excess directly results from:
a. Release of collagen from necrotic cells
b. Secretionofcollagenfrominfiltratingmacrophages
c. Extracellular deposition of collagen from fibroblasts
d. Retentionofcellmembranesfromnecroticcells
C
Increased amounts of dark blue deposits in macrophages found in the lung when stained using Prussian Blue most likely suggests:
a. Emphysema
b. Tuberculosis
c. Lung collapse
d. Left heart failure
D
Intracellular depositions can include all of the following, EXCEPT:
a. Lipid droplets in the liver in fatty liver diseases
b. Mallory bodies found in people with alcoholism
c. Iron stored in hemosiderin
d. Collagen due to fibrosis
D
True or False: Within a tumor, all of the cells have the exact same mutations, such as there is absolutely no heterogeneity.
FALSE
What is the correct sequence of events in wound healing?
a. Granulation tissue, Wound contraction, Inflammation
b. Inflammation, Granulation tissue, Wound contraction
c. Wound contraction, Inflammation, Granulation tissue
B
Necrosis…
a. is found in the center of granulomas from patients with tuberculosis.
b. is characterized by a lack of an inflammatory response.
c. shows characteristic laddering of isolated DNA run on agarose gels.
d. can be seen in the heart under the light microscope with an H&E stained
section within 30 MINUTES after a myocardial infarct.
A
The prefix adeno- implies cancer from what type of cell
a. Glandular or ductal- epithelial
b. Neural
c. Adrenal gland
d. Mesenchymal lineage
A
- Loss of innervation to a particular area of the body can cause that area to become:
a. Metaplastic
b. Atrophic
c. Hypertrophic
d. Hyperplastic
B
- An increased thickness of the heart wall in response to resistance to blood flow
such as (high blood pressure) results from which of the following cellular processes?
a. Metaplasia
b. Hypertrophy
c. Hyperplasia
d. Inflammation
B
- Why have programmed necrosis? Could be related to infections of certain pathogens. Which ones were implicated in Dr. Demarzo lecture notes?
a. prions
b. viruses
c. extra-cellular bacteria
d. cestodes
B
- Autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling can be summarized as follows: a. Autocrine factors signal the originating cell. Paracrine factors signal
immediately adjacent cells. Endocrine factors enter the circulatory system to signal distant cells.
b. Autocrine factors signal the originating cell. Paracrine factors enter the circulatory system to signal distant cells. Endocrine factors diffuse a short distance to signal nearby cells.
c. Autocrine factors signal the originating cell. Paracrine factors diffuse a short distance to signal nearby cells. Endocrine factors signal immediately adjacent cells.
d. Autocrine factors signal the originating cell. Paracrine factors diffuse a short distance to signal nearby cells. Endocrine factors enter the circulatory system to signal distant cells.
A
- Tingible bodied macrophages are clues that which pathological process is occurring?
a. Metaplasia
b. Hypertrophy
c. Apoptosis
d. Hyperplasia
C