Talent Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is giftedness?
The use of natural abilities and aptitudes in one of 4 domains (intellectual, creative, socio-affected or sensorimotor) that enables the individual to be ranked in the top 10% of peers globally
What is talent?
The mastery of competencies or abilities systematically developed to a level that results in the individual being ranked in the top 10% of those active in the field.
What is talent the interaction between?
- The natural abilities
- The developmental process of learning and practicing and,
- Chance, interpersonal and environmental factors
What is the talent development process?
Transforming gifts into talent
What are the 3 talent identification models in sport?
- Performance based models - physiological determinants of performance
- Anthropometrically based models - study of sizes and proportions of the human body
- Pyscho-behavioural models - select the ones who behave like champions
What are the difficulties with a static approach to talent identification?
- Difficult for coaches to distinguish between characteristics for effective skill acquisition/development and determinants of performance
- Difficult to predict mature values of key performance determinants
Why is talent so difficult to predict?
- Elite athletes make several transitions throughout their careers
- During transitional periods, many aspects of performance can become unstable
- Coping with unstable periods is key to successful development
What is problem 1 of the sport interactive programme?
The results do not account for social and environmental influences
What is problem 2 of the sport interactive programme?
The results are not predictive of future performance
Why should we question orthodox views on talent identification and development in sport?
Need to view successful junior and senior athletes as two different populations
What factors influence the performance level of an athlete at any one given time?
- Technically skilled
- Physically fit
- Fast
- Strong
- Agile
What factors influence the capacity of an individual to learn and develop in sport?
- Shows commitment
- Desire to learn
- Good listener
- Focused
- Learns from mistakes
- Prepared and organised
- Perseveres through hard times
What is learning organically?
The idea of learning how to learn
What is sociological imagination?
- Encourage critical reflection
- Assist in the development of a greater understanding of social issues and,
- Recognise the interplay between social structures/history and individuals
What are historical influences on talent?
- Often set up as a dualism: Nature vs nurture
- This dualism influenced the emphasis being placed on early specialisation
What are cultural influences on talent?
The cold war between the then communist bloc countries and the West influenced how we identify and develop talent now
- Long term athlete development (LTAD) model: the idea that you invest hard work to get results rather than talent being innate
What are structural influences on talent?
- Both parents working outside of home
- Cultural shift in what constitutes a ‘good parent’
- Child controlled, informal activities are seen as providing opportunities for kids to ‘get into trouble’
- Fear of the world being dangerous
- Increased visibility of professional sport
What are critical influences on talent?
- Examining the consequence of practices
- Considering the effects of practices, how the effects are distributed
- Becoming sceptical about ‘accounts of the social world’
What is the developmental model of sports participation (DMSP)?
- Challenged linear LTAD models
- Is a descriptive model based on 1000s of retrospective interviews with elite athletes in gymnastics, basketball, netball, hockey, rowing and tennis
- Found three developmental phases: sampling (6-12years), specialising (13-15years), investment phase (16+years)
- There were opportunities to transition across pathways
What is deliberate play?
- Intrinsically motivating
- Provide immediate gratification
- Specifically designed to maximise enjoyment
- Aren’t designed to improve performance
What is deliberate practice?
- Are not intrinsically motivating
- Require high levels of effort and attention
- Do not lead to immediate social or financial rewards
What is the relative age effect (RAE)?
- The idea that the older you are in relation to your peers in the same grouping, the greater your relative age is and the greater probability there is of you becoming selected in a rep team
- More prevalent between the ages of 10 and 19 and in males.
Is there an advantage to the quarter of the year you are born in?
Those born in the first quarter of the year have a greater chance of:
- Being bigger
- Being given decision making roles and positions
- Receiving more coaching
- Gaining more social status
When is relative age effect less of a factor?
- In activities where size and weight are not so influential on performance eg. dance, gym, golf
- When participation does not have strict age groupings eg. bowls, golf
- When participation begins later eg. wake boarding
- Less prevalent, or even disappearing, at adult stages
- Less evidence for female and individual sports
