Task 1

Question 1

Alcoholism

Answer 1

Jellinek (1943)

4 specific phases of alcoholism:

• pre-alcoholic Phase
• prodromal phase
• crucial phase
• chronic phase

Question 2

Alcohol dependence syndrome

Answer 2

Jellinek (1960)

Compulsive use pattern and the insentive salience of alcohol use

Question 3

History of SUD

Answer 3

1. Alcoholism
2. Alcohol dependence syndrome
3. DSM 3
4. DSM 4
5. DSM 5

Question 4

Difference between DSMs

Answer 4

DSM 3:
Abuse and dependence, divided into Type 1 and 2

DSM 4:
Abuse and dependence, but with mutually exclusive criteria

DSM 5:
Dimensional approach, SUD as spectrum with mild, moderate, and severe diagnosis

Question 5

Fastest rout of substance use

Answer 5

Through lungs - inhalation

Question 6

Slowest rout of substance use

Answer 6

Through stomach and small intestine - orally

Question 7

What is mostly effected from substance use

Answer 7

Central nervous system (CNS)

Question 8

Peak of alcohol involvement

Answer 8

Adolescence

Question 9

Gateway hypothesis

Answer 9

Cannabis as Gateway to harder drugs

Dose-response effect:
The greater the frequency of cannabis use, the more likely an individual is to experiment with other illicit drugs

Question 10

Role socialization in Heavy/ Problem substance use

Answer 10

Individuals change their substance use to be compatible with expectations from certain social roles

Question 11

Anticipatory socialization in problem substance use

Answer 11

Substance use is reduced in anticipation of a role to be assumed

Question 12

Family influence of development of substance use disorder in offspring

Answer 12

Multiple levels:
1. Heritable individual differences

2. Parent child relationship
3. Parenting practices (general and substance specific)
4. Sibling influence
5. Other social contextual influences, like peer group, schools, and neighborhood

Question 13

Parental psychopathology

Answer 13

Risk for offspring substance use and disorder is influenced strongly by parental psychopathy

1. Parental substance use / abuse
2. Parental antisocial personality disorder
3. Parental mood and anxiety disorder

Question 14

Familial Risk Factors within 3 pathways - Sher

Answer 14

1. Deviance princess pathway
   - parents SUD both genetically transmits predisposition to behavioral “under control” and also provide suboptimal parenting
2. Authoritative combines warmth and control
   - stress and negative effect pathway
   - parents SUD genetic transmits predisposition