Task 5

Question 1

Non-Random Sample

Answer 1

–› internet Research

—› Animal Research

Question 2

Acquiring human participants

Answer 2

—› Laboratory Setting

—› Field Research

Question 3

Volunteer bias

Answer 3

May affect external validity

Question 4

Factors that affect volunteering

Answer 4

—› Participants-related characteristics

—› Situational factors

Question 5

Sampling Techniques

Answer 5

—› Simple Random Sampling 
—› Stratified Sampling 
—› Proportionate Sampling 
—› Cluster Sampling 
—› Systematic Sampling

Question 6

Stratified Sampling

Answer 6

Two Striatum where you take random samples from and add them together

Question 7

Proportionate Sampling

Answer 7

Take samples out of different populations that are corresponding to the actual population size

Question 8

Cluster Sampling

Answer 8

You take samples out of Different clusters you randomly chose

Question 9

Systematic Sampling

Answer 9

Every kth element

Question 10

Internal Validity

Answer 10

Research design adequately test the hypothesis

Question 11

Confounding

Answer 11

Two variables that influence each other but are not separatable

Question 12

Threats to External Validity

Answer 12

—› History 
—› Maturation 
—› Testing
—› Instrumentation 
—› Statistical regression 
—› Biased Selection of Participants 
—› Experimental Mortality

Question 13

History

Answer 13

Other events occur during observation

Question 14

Maturation

Answer 14

Performance changes du to ageing

Question 15

Testing

Answer 15

Pretest might influence Posttest

Question 16

Instrumentation

Answer 16

Instruments confound the effect of treatment

Question 17

Biased Selection of Participants

Answer 17

Participants who were exposed to prior treatments are not equivalent

Question 18

Statistical Regression

Answer 18

People who performed good in first test tend to perform more towards the mean in the second time

Question 19

Experimental mortality

Answer 19

Loss of subjects from the groups

Question 20

External Validity

Answer 20

How well you can project the results beyond the limits of the research setting

Question 21

Threats to External Validity

Answer 21

—› Reactive Testing
—› Interaction between population selection biases and the independent variable
—› Reactive effects of experimental arrangements
—› Multiple Treatment interference

Question 22

Reactive Testing

Answer 22

Pretest effects participants reaction to an experimental variable —› unrepresentative for general population

Question 23

Interaction between population selection biases and the independent variable

Answer 23

Effects may only apply to selected participants

Question 24

Reactive effects of experimental testing

Answer 24

highly artificial research settings and knowledge about being a research participant can influence

Question 25

Multiple Treatment interference

Answer 25

Occurs when participant is exposed to multiple treatments which affect reaction of later treatments