Task 5 - Hormones

Question 1

Hormone

Answer 1

regulatory molecule released by glands regulating physiological functions

Question 2

Hormonal communication - 5 steps

Answer 2

1. synthesis and release: produced by endocrine glands and released into the bloodstream in response to a stimuli
2. transport: travel trough the bloodstream
   3.recognition of cells: binding to specific receptors on the surface or inside the target cells
3. cellular response: changes in the cellular activities
4. termination of signal: mechanism exist to remove deactivate the hormone

Question 3

protein hormones receptors

Answer 3

found in the cell membrane - when the hormone binds to the receptors a second-messager system is activated affecting various cellular processes

Question 4

steroid hormones

Answer 4

diffuse passively into the cell - binds to the DND increasing/decreasing the production of some gene

Question 5

Posterior pituitary gland

Answer 5

contraction of uterine muscles and release of milk by mammary glands

Question 6

anterior pituitary

Answer 6

secretion of sex hormones

Question 7

hypothalamus

Answer 7

regulated hormones secretion by the anterior pituitary

Question 8

pineal gland

Answer 8

regulates seasonal changes - puberty

Question 9

adrenal cortex

Answer 9

maintain blood sugar nd regulates metabolism

Question 10

adrenal medulla

Answer 10

prepares body for action

Question 11

anterior pituitary process (3)

Answer 11

1. hormones are released from hypothalamic neurons to hypothalamopituitary portal system
2. hormones are carried down the pituitary stalk
3. hormones increase/decrease the release of anterior pituitary hormones into general circulation

Question 12

posterior pituitary process (3)

Answer 12

1. oxytocin and vasopressin synthesized in the nuclei of the hypothalamus
2. oxytocin and vasopressin carried by axonal transport down the pituitary stalk
3. oxytocin and vasopressin released into general circulation

Question 13

organizational effects of hormonal communication

Answer 13

developmental and sexual differentiation

Question 14

activational effects of hormonal communication

Answer 14

temporary and reversible - during times of increased need or in response to changing circumstances

regulation of physiological functions - like cortisol activates body´s stress response

reproductive hormones - regulating processes like the menstrual cycle

Question 15

fetal development and hormones (sex of the baby)

Answer 15

absence of sry protein=women
when this protein is triggered by the sry gen = male

Question 16

Cortex in sexual activity

Answer 16

most complex aspects of sexual experience

Question 17

ventral striatum in sexual activity

Answer 17

anticipation and experience of sexual activity

Question 18

hypothalamus in sexual activity

Answer 18

nucleus: female sexual behavior
preoptic area: male sexual behavior

Question 19

amygdala in sexual activity

Answer 19

identification of potential mating partners