Task 6 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are the two successive decisions in goal-directed action based on ACC and MPFC roles?
Which of the presented options do I prefer? (ACC - affective part, value-based, self-centred)
What action will I select to obtain that option? (MCC - motor part, based on previous action outcome monitoring)
What did the study by Camille demonstrate about stimulus-value and action-value learning in humans with OFC or dACC damage?
OFC damage disrupts the ability to sustain the correct choice of stimulus, while dACC damage leads to difficulties in making adaptive choices between actions
What were the results for patients with OFC and dACC damage in the stimulus-value and action-value tasks?
OFC damage patients made more errors in stimulus-value tasks but not in action-value tasks, while dACC damage patients made more errors in action-value tasks but not in stimulus-value tasks
How does ACC function in decision-making regarding actions and stimuli?
ACC plays a critical role in value-based choices between actions, not stimuli, while OFC is essential for choices between stimuli, not actions
What regions are involved in motor functions of the medial PFC, and what are their roles?
MCC is involved in updating outcomes of actions
superior frontal gyrus (SFG) includes pre-SMA and SMA, which are important for making acute decisions about actions in ongoing situations
What role does the medial superior frontal gyrus (SFG) play in action selection?
SFG is involved in the selection of action sets and is necessary when action selection rules are changed or first selected, especially in task switching
How do ACC lesions affect task switching?
ACC lesions cause a slight increase in errors but are not directly related to task switching. ACC is more involved in monitoring performance for mistakes
What is the role of the ACC sulcus in error detection?
The ACC sulcus is involved in error detection but not in conflict monitoring, indicating a role in encoding response conflict
What is Error-Related Negativity (ERN) and its significance?
ERN is a negative electrical potential occurring in the medial frontal region 50-100ms after making an error, indicating the brain’s response to mistakes
Does ERN occur when subjects lack awareness of an error?
ERN does not occur when subjects lack awareness of an error, suggesting that subjective awareness is not necessary for medial frontal changes
What is the role of the medial frontal cortex in performance monitoring?
The medial frontal cortex, particularly the dACC/pMFC, is involved in evaluating behavioral progress, adjusting behavior as needed, and adapting to changing contingencies
What does the conflict theory suggest about error-related signals?
Error-related signals are a special occurrence of cognitive conflict where strong response tendencies compete with intended responses, requiring increased cognitive control
How does reinforcement learning theory relate to ERN?
Reinforcement learning theory suggests that ERN reflects an evaluative function signifying “worse than expected” events, guiding future decisions
Besides ERN, what other medial frontal negativities are implicated in performance monitoring?
Medial frontal negativities, including those recorded in error and feedback conditions, suggest a broader role of medial frontal regions in evaluative processes beyond just error detection
How does the ACC contribute to adaptive decision-making?
ACC is crucial for linking outcome value to actions, guiding decisions about whether the expected value of a reward justifies the effort required to obtain it
What is the effect of lesions in ACC and VS on cost-benefit decisions?
Lesions in ACC disrupt reward-related action selection, while both ACC and VS neurons encode the position in a series of actions, affecting persistence in goal accomplishment
How does the habenular complex influence the dopaminergic system in reward processing?
The habenular complex inhibits midbrain nuclei, playing a crucial role in determining errors in reward prediction and influencing dopamine release
How does the rCMA react to error feedback?
The rCMA shows increased activity in response to errors followed by informative (negative) feedback, indicating its role in self-detection of errors
What functional dissociation exists between rCMA and pre-SMA?
rCMA is most activated during errors, while pre-SMA is more engaged by response conflict and uncertainty, reflecting different roles in performance monitoring
How do performance monitoring and reward processing interact in the brain?
Through the VS and habenular complex, which respond to positive and negative feedback respectively, modulating dopamine release
How does the ACC encode the relationship between actions and their outcomes?
ACC encodes the relationship between actions and reinforcement value, including positive rewards and errors, guiding adaptive behavior
What is the role of pre-SMA in movement sequencing and task switching?
Pre-SMA is involved in selecting and changing action sets, crucial for initiating movement sequences and task switching, with activity occurring before any movement is made
What structures are involved in the error monitoring network?
The error monitoring network includes the rCMA, pre-SMA, anterior inferior insula, and habenular complex, all playing roles in detecting and responding to errors
How is error processing affected in schizophrenia?
Patients with schizophrenia show smaller ERNs and diminished MFC BOLD signals in response to errors, likely reflecting motivational deficits and impaired performance monitoring
