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Perception > Task 6 > Flashcards

Task 6 Flashcards

Depth perception

1
Q

Depth cues - monocular cues

  • Pictorial
    • Occlusion
A

= one object hides or partially hides another from view

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2
Q

Depth cues - monocular cues

  • Pictorial
    • Relative Height
A

= objects that are higher in the field of view are usually farther away; bases closer to horizon seen as being more distant

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3
Q

Depth cues - monocular cues

  • Pictorial
    • Familiar and Relative Size
A

= when distance judged based on our prior knowledge of the sizes of objects

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4
Q

Depth cues - monocular cues

  • Pictorial
    • Perspective Convergence
A

= something appears to converge in the distance

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5
Q

Depth cues - monocular cues

  • Pictorial
    • Atmospheric Perspective
A

= distant objects appear less sharp than nearer objects and often have a slight blue tint

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6
Q

Depth cues - monocular cues

  • Pictorial
    • Texture Gradient
A

= several similar objects being equally spaced throughout a scene (marathon runners)

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7
Q

Depth cues - monocular cues

  • Pictorial
    • Shadows
A

= can provide information regarding the locations of these objects; ehance three-dimensionality

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8
Q

Depth cues - oculomotor cues

  • created by:
    • convergence
    • accommodation
A 
convergence = inward movement of the eyes that occurs when we look at nearby objects
accommodation = change in shape of the lens that occurs when we focus on objects at various distances
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9
Q

Depth cues - monocular cues

  • Motion-Produced Cues
    • Motion Parallax
A

= nearby objects appear to glide rapidly past us, distant objects appear to move more slowly

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10
Q

Depth cues - monocular cues

  • Motion-Produced Cues
    • Deletion and Accretion
A

= when observer moves sideways, some things become covered, and others become uncovered

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11
Q

Depth cues - monocular cues

  • Motion-Produced Cues
    • Integrating Monocular Depth Cues
A

= each cue: “best guess”; monocular depth cues work over different distances

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12
Q

Depth cues - binocular vision

- strabismus

A

= misalignment of the eyes

—> 3D vision is created by vision with both eyes

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13
Q

Depth cues - binocular vision

- binocular disparity

A

= difference in the images on the left and right retinas; basis of stereoscopic vision

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14
Q

Depth cues - binocular vision

  • binocular disparity
    • corresponding retinal points + horopter
A

?

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15
Q

Depth cues - binocular vision

  • binocular disparity
    • noncorresponding points + absolute dispartiy
A

?

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16
Q

Depth cues - binocular vision

  • binocular disparity
    • crossed + uncrossed disparity
A

?

17
Q

Perceiving size

- Size Constancy

A

= fact that our perception of an object’s size is relatively constant even when we view the object from different distances

18
Q

Illusions of Depth and Size

- Müller-Lyer Illusion

A
  • explanation: misapplied size constancy scaling (= mechanisms that help us maintain stable perception might lea us to illusions)
  • conflicting cues theory = perception of line depends on two cues:
    (1) actual length of vertical lines
    (2) overall length of the figure
19
Q

Illusions of Depth and Size

- Ponzo Illusion

A

both animals have same visual angle —> top one appears larger

20
Q

Illusions of Depth and Size

- Ames Room

A
  • construction of room causes illusion
  • explanation based on relative size: perception of size of two people determined by how they fill distance between bottom and top of the room
21
Q

Illusions of Depth and Size

- Moon Illusion

A
  • apparent distance theory = moon on horizon appears more distant because it is viewed across the filled space of the terrain, which contains depth information; sky: little depth information
  • angular size contrast theory = moon appears smaller when it is surrounded by larger objects
22
Q

Article - Your Brain and Depth Perception

- Von Helmholtz

A
  • brain solves correspondence problem by initially recognizing forms and then comparing extended outlines of the foms —> minimize false matches
23
Q

Article - Your Brain and Depth Perception

- Julesz

A
  • random-dot patterns

- stereo precedes detection of form

24
Q

Article - Your Brain and Depth Perception

- Pettigrew

A
  • found that cells were extracting the horizontal shifts and signaling stereo
25
Q

Article - Your Brain and Depth Perception

- Ramachandran

A
  • some circumstances: form perception precedes stereo —> flexibility of brain’s visual centers
  • stereo involves more than comparing pixels across the two eyes

Perception (9 decks)

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