Task 6 Flashcards
Plastic or Set in Plaster?
Are spouses similar in personality?
Yes, 0.00-.25
What is marital satisfaction related to?
Own individuals level of Agreeableness and Emotional Stability factor (.30-.40)
The others Openness to Experience factor
What is Anxious attachment and to what personality traits is it related?
the tendency to worry about the loss of a partners’ love.
Associated with low Emotional Stability and roughly with low Conscientiousness
What is Avoidant attachment and to what personality traits is it related?
the tendency to feel uncomfortable being emotionally close to one’s partner
Only weakly related to the Big Five, modestly associated with low Extraversion and low Conscientiousness
Are friends similar in personality?
Friends are neither similar nor opposite in personality, but for the traits Honesty-Humility and Openness to Experience, there is some tendency for friends to be similar to each other
What indicates success or failure in social relationships?
Sociability and Aggression levels
What personality traits might influence start of substance abuse and success in quitting?
Research suggests that high levels of self-control (associated with Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability) may contribute to success in quitting smoking or in quitting drinking.
What two groups of characteristics influence longevity the most?
- Conscientiousness &Social dependability (low levels greater chance of dying)
- Cheerfulness& Optimism (higher levels greater chance of dying)
How is Type A personality described?
competitiveness, impatience, excessive job involvement, hostility and time urgency
What personality trait predicts academic performance best?
Conscientiousness (0.25)
What describes a primary psychopath?
Coolly calculating – manipulation, deceit, grandiosity, callousness, and selfishness
What describes a secondary psychopath?
Very poor self-control – impulsivity, irresponsibility, lack of planning and poor self-control
What is the Dark Triad?
Psychopathy, Machiavellianism and Narcissism
What traits are related to Psychopathy?
Low Conscientiousness
Low Honesty
What traits are related to Machiavellianism?
Low on Agreeableness
Low Honesty
What traits are related to Narcissism?
High on Extraversion
Low Honesty
What are general dispositions to feeling more positive emotions?
Linked to high life satisfaction:
High self-esteem (0.6)
Cheerfulness (0.4)
Assertiveness (0.3)
What are general dispositions to feeling more negative emotions?
Linked to low life satisfaction:
Depressiveness (-0.5)
Anxiety (-0.3)
Anger (-0.3)
What are the only two traits that go down with age?
- Extraversion (Sociable, lively aspects)
- Openness to Experience (only modestly)
How do personality traits change during childhood and how much do they correlate from 2 to 15?
Extraversion – became lower
Agreeableness& Conscientiousness – higher
Emotional Stability – children typically became somewhat lower between ages 3 and 6
Openness to Experience – most became lower between ages 8 and 15
r= 0.2
What conclusions can be drawn from mean-level change research on personality?
I. Most-mean level personality-trait change occurs between the ages 20 and 40
II. Personality traits continue to change, even in old age
III. Time has a positive effect on personality-trait change
IV. With age, people become more confident, warm, responsible, and calm – or what some have described as socially mature
What advantages are there to the Individual-differences approach?
- provides insights
- social investment
- personality traits as outcomes not predictors
What idea does the Neo Socioanalytic Model encapture?
personality changes can occur at any age and that individuals change because of investments in social roles
What does the Dynamic Equilibrium Model state?
personality changes only temporarily in reaction to major life events
