Taxonomy 5

Question 1

involves describing, naming, and classifying organisms (the oldest branch of plant study)

Answer 1

Taxonomy

Question 2

a system of naming objects

Answer 2

nomenclature

Question 3

a taxonomic group at any level in the hierarchical system

Answer 3

taxon

Question 4

includes all the descendants of a particular common ancestor + the ancestor itself

Answer 4

monophyletic group

Question 5

binomial system

Answer 5

-Only one correct scientific name for a species
-Many common names may be given to the same species in the same language and in different
languages

Question 6

binomial system species name

Answer 6

all living organisms given two-word Latin scientific name

Question 7

published species plantarum

Answer 7

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)

Question 8

Linnaeus

Answer 8

-Developed Latin names for organisms
-Abbreviated names to two parts (binomials)
-Placed one to many species in each genus

Question 9

varieties that arise from human activities

Answer 9

cultivars

Question 10

what happens if species has cultivars or varieties?

Answer 10

their names consist of 3 parts

Question 11

rules that govern the naming and classification of wild species

Answer 11

International Code of Botanical Nomenclature

Question 12

rules that govern the naming and classification of cultivated plants

Answer 12

International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants

Question 13

Rules for naming a new species:

Answer 13

1. Unique name and description must be published 2. A type specimen of the new taxon must be
   deposited in an herbarium and available for stud

Question 14

Starting point for naming vascular plants

Answer 14

is Species Plantarum

Question 15

what is a preserved (dried) plant that is typically deposited in an herbarium called

Answer 15

A type specimen

Question 16

what is used to aid in the identification of organism

Answer 16

a key

Question 17

Most keys are
meaning?

Answer 17

-dichotomous
-meaning user presented with pair of choices for character states of feature of organism

Question 18

hierarchical system
and where are greater similarities

Answer 18

Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genus > Species -> (subspecies)/(variety)
Greater similarity at lower classification levels

Question 19

a set of individuals closely related by descent from a common ancestor

Answer 19

species

Question 20

Closely related species are grouped together into

Answer 20

Genera, or Genus singular

Question 21

origin of life

Answer 21

3.5 billion years ago

Question 22

what happened 1.5- 2 bya?

Answer 22

prokaryote into a eukaryote

Question 23

how did numberous evolutionary lines emerge from eukaryotes?

Answer 23

eukaryotes evolved to have mitochondria, endoplasmic reticula, and true nuclei

Question 24

how many eukaryote species

Answer 24

9 million eukaryotic species; only a fraction of these is currently named and categorized

Question 25

name domains(3)

Answer 25

Domain Archaea Domain Bacteria Domain Eukarya

Question 26

name kingdoms(6)

Answer 26

Domain Archaea Kingdom Archaebacteria Domain Bacteria -Kingdom Eubacteria Domain Eukarya -Kingdom Protista -Kingdom Fungi -Kingdom Plantae -Kingdom Animalia

Question 27

Cyanobacteria

Answer 27

-Have chlorophyll a, produce oxygen, some fix nitrogen! -As oxygen accumulated, other photosynthetic organisms appeared and forms of aerobic respiration developed

Question 28

-Symbiotic with cyanobacteria

Answer 28

Amoebae, sea anemones, fungi

Question 29

-Chloroplasts may have originated as

Answer 29

cyanobacteria living within other cells.

Question 30

what tries to answer the question of organisms sharing a common ancestor

Answer 30

phylogenetic trees, that constantly evolve themselves

Question 31

Charles Darwin on how life started

Answer 31

descended from common ancestor

Question 32

Monophyletic groups

Answer 32

(clades = valid groupings)

Question 33

polyphyletic groups

Answer 33

more than one common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group and therefore not suitable for placing in the same taxon too many

Question 34

Paraphyletic groups

Answer 34

Descended from a common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group, but not including all the descendant groups).