Taxonomy Flashcards
(53 cards)
6 levels of organisation
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ system
- Organismal
Chemical level includes:
Molecules and Atoms
Cells are ___ in the human body
the smallest living unit
Definition of tissues
Groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function
4 basic tissue types
- Epithelial tissue
- Connective tissue
- Muscular tissue
- Nervous tissue
Definition of organs
Composed of two or more different types of tissues, and have specific functions.
Systems consist of…
related organs that have a common function.
11 organ systems:
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Cardiovascular
- Lymphatic
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Urinary
- Male/Female reproductive
Integumentary system function:
Forms the external body covering; protects
deeper tissue from injury; synthesizes
vitamin D; location of cutaneous receptors
(pain, pressure, etc.) and sweat and oil glands.
Skeletal system function:
Protects and supports body organs; provides a
framework the muscles use to cause movement;
blood cells are formed within bones; stores
minerals.
Muscular system function:
Allows manipulation of the environment,
locomotion, and facial expression; maintains
posture; produces heat.
Nervous system function:
Fast-acting control system of the body;
responds to internal and external changes by
activating appropriate muscles and glands.
Endocrine system function:
Glands secrete hormones that regulate
processes such as growth, reproduction, and
nutrient use by body cells.
Cardiovascular system function:
Blood vessels transport blood, which carries
oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc.;
the heart pumps blood.
Lymphatic system function:
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and
returns it to blood; disposes of debris in the
lymphatic stream; houses white blood cells
involved in immunity.
Respiratory system function:
Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen
and removes carbon dioxide; the gaseous
exchanges occur through the walls of the air
sacs of the lungs.
Digestive system function:
Breaks food down into absorbable units that
enter the blood for distribution to body cells;
indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces.
Urinary system function:
Eliminates nitrogen-containing wastes from
the body; regulates water, electrolyte, and
acid-base balance of the blood.
Reproductive system function:
Overall function of the reproductive system is production of offspring. Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone; ducts and glands aid in delivery of viable sperm to the female reproductive tract. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones; remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus. Mammary glands of female breast produce milk to nourish the newborn.
5 life processes:
- Responsiveness
- Growth
- Reproduction
- Movement
- Metabolism
Responsiveness (aka irritability)
Doing something in response to a change in the immediate environment.
Adaptability
Capacity to make longer–term adjustments.
Growth
An increase in organism size accomplished by:
- Growth of cells or
- Addition of new cells
Differentiation
Process of individual cells becoming specialized for particular functions.
