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BIOL 205 > Taxonomy Sheet > Flashcards

Taxonomy Sheet Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Phylum Porifera (SPONGES)

A
  • No true tissues
  • Different Cell types
    1. pinacocytes (pinacoderm - incipient tissue)
    2. archaeocytes - in mesohyl
    3. choanocytes
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2
Q

Pinacocytes

A

Phylum Porifera (SPONGES)
The outer layer of sponges formed of flattened cells and form the layer called the pinacoderm.
Do not have a basal lamina.

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3
Q

Archeocytes

A 
Phylum Porifera (SPONGES)
Cells that wander through the mesohyl by cytoplasmic streaming.
Help sponges develop into more specialized cells.
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4
Q

Choanocytes

A 
Phylum Porifera (SPONGES)
Flagellated cell with a collar of protoplasm that line the internal chambers of sponges
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5
Q

Phylum Cnidaria (CORALS, HYDRAS, JELLYFISH)

A
  • Class Hydrozoa
  • Class Anthozoa
  • Class Cubozoa
  • Class Scyphozoa
  • Class Staurozoa
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6
Q

Class Hydrozoa

A

Phylum Cnidaria.
Solitary or colonial.
E.g. hydra, Obelia, Portuguese man o’ war.
Generalized by greater representation of polyp morph in life cycle.
Lack nematocysts and no cells in mesoglea.

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7
Q

Class Anthozoa

A

Phylum Cnidaria
Contains corals and anemones
Colonial (colony)

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8
Q

Order Actinia

A

Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa

True sea-anemones

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9
Q

Order Scleractinia

A

Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa

Hard stony corals

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10
Q

Class Cubozoan

A

Phylum Cnidaria

Box jellies

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11
Q

Class Scyphozoan

A 
Phylum Cnidaria
True jellies
G:
1. Cnidocytes (with nematocyst)
2. Radial symmetry 
3. Tissue-level development - diploblastic
     a) body two cell layers thick
     b) epidermis - mesoglea - gastrodermis
4. gastrovascular cavity
5. two body forms: polyp / medusa

Epidermis -> outer layer of skin on the body. Protection and keeps the skin hydrated.

Mesoglea -> gelatinous substance between the endoderm and ectoderm of sponges or cnidarians

Gastrodermis -> the lining membrane of the tract of an invertebrate.

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12
Q

Class Staurozoan

A

Phylum Cnidaria

Solitary stalked polyps

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13
Q

Nematocyst

A

Specialized cells in tentacles of jellyfish that have a venomous thread that extends outwards in self-defense or to capture prey.

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14
Q

Cnidocyte

A

Specialized cells in the phylum Cnidaria that have an explosive organelle called cnidocyst that helps capture prey and self defense.

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15
Q

Phylum Ctenophora

A 
Comb jellies
G:
1. Move with cilia - comb plates
2. Bi-radial symmetry
3. Diploblastic
4. Collenchyma
5. Monoecious - sexual reproduction
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16
Q

Monoecious

A

Male and female reproductive parts on same animal. hermaphrodite.

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17
Q

Collenchyme

A

In plants, support tissue of living elongated cells with irregular cell walls.

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18
Q

Bilateria

A 
Phylum Xenacoelomorpha (Acoela)
Phylum Gnathostomulida
Phylum Rotifera
Phylum Acanthocephala (probably in Rotifera)
Phylum Gastrotricha
Phylum Mesozoa
Phylum Platyheliminthes
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19
Q

Phylum Xenacoelomorpha (Acoela)

A

G:

  1. Some with gastrovascular cavity (many with no gut)
  2. Monoecious - sexual reproduction
  3. Radially arranged nerve cords
  4. Most commensalist or mutualist
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20
Q

commensalist

A

an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm

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21
Q

mutualist

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A

type of symbiotic relationship where all species involved benefit from their interactions

22
Q

Phylum Gnathostomulida

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A

Lophotrochozoa
Clade Gnathifera
1. Acoelomate
2. Jaw worms

23
Q

Acoelomate

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A

an invertebrate lacking a coelom

24
Q

Phylum Rotifera

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A

Lophotrocohozoa

  1. Clade Gnathifera
  2. Class Bdelloidea
  3. Class Seisonidea
  4. Class monogononta
25
Class Bdelloidea
``` Lophotrochozoan Clade Gnathifera Phylum Rotifera 1. Freshwater / terrestrial 2. All female ```
26
Class seisonidea
``` Lophotrochozoan Clade Gnathifera Phylum Rotifera 1. Marine 2. All female 3. Epizoic ```
27
Class monogononta
``` Lophotrochozoan Clade Gnathifera Phylum Rotifera 1. Myctic rotifers 2. Undergo myxis in response to stress G: 1. Wheel organ / corona 2. Mastax 3. Eutely ```
28
Corona / Wheel organ
The corona is a ciliary organ provided with intrinsic musculature, which is used for prey capture and locomotion.
29
mastax
the muscular pharynx of a rotifer, containing a chewing apparatus
30
Eutely
the condition of having a body made up of a constant number of cells
31
Phylum Acanthocephala (probably in rotifera)
``` Lophotrochozoan Clade Gnathifera G: 1. Vertebrate endoparasites 2. Spiny proboscis 3. Syncytial outer surface 4. Dioecious 5. Protonephridia ```
32
vertebrate endoparasites
Endoparasites are parasites that live in the tissues and organs of their hosts, such as tapeworms, flukes, and protozoans of vertebrates.
33
spiny proboscis
The proboscis is used to pierce the gut wall of the final host, and hold the parasite fast while it completes its life cycle.
34
syncytial outer surface
a multinucleate mass of cytoplasm resulting from fusion of cells
35
dioecious
having the male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals.
36
protonephridia
network of dead-end tubules lacking internal openings
37
Phylum Gastrotricha
``` Lophotrochozoan Clade Gnathifera 1. Spiny / hairy stomach a) sometimes called hair-bellied worms 2. Acoelomate 3. Protonephridia 4. Found in places similar to rotifers a) freshwater, marina, "terrestrial" b) interstitial spaces in sediments ```
38
Phylum Mesozoa
Lophotrochozoan Clade Gnathifera 1. Rhombozoans (tiny parasites) 2. Orthonectids (parasites of marine invertebrates)
39
Phylum Platyhelminthes
``` Lophotrochozoan Clade Gnathifera Class turbellaria (not monophyletic) Class Trematode CLADE NEODERMATA Class monogenea Class cestoda ```
40
Class Turbellaria (not monophyletic)
``` Lophotrochozoan Clade Gnathifera Phylum Platyhelminthes 1. mostly free living 2. Planaria (one of the many flatworms) 3. Regeneration ```
41
Class trematoda
Lophotrochozoan Clade Gnathifera Phylum Platyhelminthes 1. Flukes 2. Diverse life cycles related to parasitism / hosts a) egg - miracidium (larva) - sporocyst (adult) - redia (adult) - cercaria (larva) - metacercaria - fluke (adult) b) intermediate host often a gastropod
42
Class monogenea
``` Lophotrochozoan Clade Gnathifera Phylum Platyhelminthes Clade Nerodermata 1. Monogenic flukes 2. Attachment organs: prothaptor - opisthaptor 3. Ectoparasites 4. Oncomiracidium larva ```
43
Class Cestoda
``` Lophotrochozoan Clade Gnathifera Phylum Platyhelminthes Clade Neodermata 1. Tapeworms 2. Scolex - proglottids 3. Scolex homologous to opisthaptor 4. No gut - microtriches 5. Monoecious G: 1. Free-living or parasitic (many) 2. Acoelomate 3. Bilateral symmetry 4. Organ-level development 5. Syncytial tegument 6. Gastrovascular cavity (or none) ```
44
Monogenetic flukes
Monogenetic flukes spend their entire life cycle as parasites on a single host
45
Prohaptor
the complex anterior attachment organ of a typical monogenetic trematode
46
opisthaptor
the posterior and usually complex adhesive organ of a monogenetic trematode
47
Ectoparasites
organisms that live on the skin of a host
48
Scolex
the anterior end of a tapeworm, bearing suckers and hooks for attachment
49
proglottids
each segment in the strobila of a tapeworm, containing a complete sexually mature reproductive system.
50
microtriches
increase the surface area of the teguments for enhanced absorption of nutrients

BIOL 205 (7 decks)

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