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So Others May Pass > Taxpayers > Flashcards

Taxpayers Flashcards

1
Q

can metal cornices be removed

A

they can be removed to provide access to the cockloft area

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2
Q

what is the most prevalanet type of taxpayer

A

built from the 1920s into the 1960s

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3
Q

what is uaully the main access to the mezzanine area

A

via small wooden stairs or just a ladder

majority will not be enclosed and there will be a railing edge

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4
Q

what are the rules for sprinkler protection

A

1938 code area exceeding 10,000 square feet

1968 code area exceeding 7500 square feet

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5
Q

what is the 2008 code- group m mercantile for the FULL building

A

area exceeding 12,000 sq ft or combined area on all floors including mezzanine exceeds 24,000

storage of merchandise is in high piled racks

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6
Q

what is the 2008 code- group m mercantile for occupancy within building

A

area exceeding 7500 sq fr or area of any size located 3 stories above grade or an area size located in a high rise building OR area of any size contains an unexposed stair or escalator connecting 2 of more floors

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7
Q

what size is a cockloft generally

A

can vary in height from 4 inches to more than six feet

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8
Q

roof hoist may be supported at what size intervals

A

approx 20 foot intervals

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9
Q

bottom chords of many bowstring trusses have inadequate

A

tensile strength

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10
Q

bow string truss roofs may only support how much

A

40% of the load they were originally designed to hold

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11
Q

when can an entire truss fail

A

failure of one truss element can cause failure of the entire truss

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12
Q

when do trusses fail

A

can occur in early stages of fire

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13
Q

in older truss roof buildings how far are they spaces

A

10 or 20 feet apart

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14
Q

what kind of truss fail without warning

A

wood truss

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15
Q

how do you know a steel truss is failing

A

tend to stretch when losing their strength because of elevated temperatures

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16
Q

how do you know a wood truss is dialing

A

wood tends to snap

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17
Q

open web steel joist span how long

A

distances up to 60 feet

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18
Q

open web steel joist may collapse when

A

only 5 or 10 minutes

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19
Q

due to heat what may happen to stone or block

A

may spall due to heat or subsequent stream application, reducing load bearing area of wall

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20
Q

how do concrete walls fail

A

sometimes hinge at ground level and an entire side or rear wall may remain intact and fall out flat

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21
Q

how do brick walls usually fail

A

usually crumble or break as they fall, but large sections can be projected a good distance due to impacts

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22
Q

what happens to a parapet wall during an uncteolled fire

A

may be heating the I beams causing there expansion and steadily pushing the parapet outward

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23
Q

how much can a 50 foot long steal beam extend over heat

A

an average 50 foot steal beam, heated uniformly over its length to 970F will extend approx 4 inches

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24
Q

at 1000F a 100 foot long beam will extend

A

nine and a half inches in length

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25
Q

steel I beams can reach extreme temperatures in how long

A

5 to 10 mins

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26
Q

at an uncontrolled fire how long until small beam sections can be heated beyond their strength limits

A

30 mins for the small beam sections

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27
Q

what happens to a steal I beam that is cooled by hose streams

A

tests have shown that cooling a steel member will cause it to regain strength and load carrying ability and under normal circumstances there should be no hesitation in cooling them

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28
Q

at 1100 degrees F what will happen to cast iron

A

it will lose 58% of its original strength

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29
Q

if cast iron is cooled by a hose line what happens

A

it contracts disproportionately leading to potential failure

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30
Q

can the strength lost on cast iron be regained

A

NEVER

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31
Q

a cast iron collumn unable to move will do what

A

Crack

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32
Q

cast iron columns on avg fail when

A

in about 30 mins in fire test

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33
Q

what are most common types of floors for taxpayers

A

toungue and groove boards or plywood supported by wood floor joist

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34
Q

in new type taxpayers what is prevelant

A

slab construction, concrete floors on ground level with no basement or cellars

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35
Q

what are some contents of cellars

A

electrical supply entrance points with panel boxes and large amounts of wiring

Gas supply with gas meters and piping

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36
Q

where do most taxpayer fires originate

A

the rear of the first floor where utilities, storage, and services are located

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37
Q

what happens if overhead doors start down with out fully tensioned springs

A

they will come down with tremendous force

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38
Q

what remains a major FF factor in taxpayers

A

the roof system because they are mostly made of bar joists, lightweight steel or flat wood truss

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39
Q

what consideration must be taken in assessing the possibility of a collapse

A

type of construction
intensity of fire
the time that the structure has been burning

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40
Q

what is prevelant about an impact load

A

it has a much greater effect than the same weight carrie’s as a static or stationary load

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41
Q

what are some warning signs that will signal a potential collapse

A

heavy body of fire which has been burning out of control for 20 mins or more (particularly in large open areas)

walls leaking smoke or water

walls or columns out of plumb

unsupported walls

spongy or soft feeling

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42
Q

what is recxomended when encountering fires in smoke shops

A

stretch 2 1/2 and proceed with caution

consideration should be given to knocking down the fire from the sidewalk area before entry is made

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43
Q

what are the three basic factors necessary for backdraft

A

combustibles
heat
oxygen

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44
Q

what are some potential waning signs of backdraft

A

reversal of air
glass windows stained with smoke and pulsating

dense BLack smoke indicates lack of oxygen and large quantities of carbon monoxide gas

Dirty brown, yellow brown, gray yellow smoke

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45
Q

although backdrafts can occur anywhere, what areas are vulnerable

A

cellar and storage areas

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46
Q

what percentage of space is needed in a room of fire to contain the explosive mixture for explosion

A

25 percent

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47
Q

what is one of the most effective methods of protecting from backdraft

A

open the roof or area directly over the fire

this allows hot gases to move upward and away

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48
Q

backdraft explosion can be accompanied but what sound

A

a roar or whistle of great force

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49
Q

what is an alternative to roof venting for backdraft protection

A

not as effective is the use of a hose stream

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50
Q

when advancing lines deep into large area or cellars what is advisable

A

post a lookout at the top of the cellar stair or outside entrance to observe conditions

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51
Q

all horizontal and initial vertical ventilation tactics must be controlled, communicated and coordinated by who at tax payer fires

A

The ladder company officer

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52
Q

in most cases for taxpayers, where is the high portion of the cockloft

A

the front of the building

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53
Q

does the standard flat roof of a taxpayer have a pitch

A

may have little or no pitch

if it does it is front to rear

54
Q

what is a main ventilation goal in taxpayers

A

to coordinate the opening of a fire building with the application of water on the fire

55
Q

what is the recxomended hole size for roof ventilation in TP

A

8 by 8 where possible

56
Q

if trenching is being implemented what shall be done with the skylights

A

leave the returns in place where the skylights are to be used as effective trenching

57
Q

the immediate vent and cutting of an effective hole calls for what

A

2 saws and 4 members

58
Q

when more than one power saw is working on the roof who must supervise

A

a roof sector supervisor

59
Q

who can be a roof sector supervisor

A

chief of company officer

60
Q

when using. FT 2 tip for a dog pattern the engine company should stand back

A

4 to 5 feet while operating

61
Q

use of what 2 things can help clear large areas of smoke heat and CO when natural venting is difficult

A

fog nozzles and positive pressure vent fans

62
Q

if positive pressure fans used for smoke removal is inneffective, what can be done

A

the engine officer shall call for the fog tip to be brought up

63
Q

what direction should the wind be for the most effective and quickest cutting

A

with the wind at your back

64
Q

the size and location of roof openings will depend on what

A

fire conditions, staffing, equipment

65
Q

how many operations should roof cuts be made

A

one operation

66
Q

when removing roof covering what is important

A

they should be lifted off in one piece if possible

if not the roof covering shall be removed first followed by the roof boards

67
Q

wood hoist beams usually are spaced how far apart

A

16 inches on center

68
Q

when cutting the first floor for a cellar fire where shall it be made

A

near to the windows as possible away from doorways and aisles. the cut should be extended at right angles to the joist

all cuts should be covered by hoselines

69
Q

what are risk assessment tactics implemented by the IC for bowstring truss roof

A

CLASS

current structural stability 
location of fire
any knows life hazard
size of fire
verification of Safe access area
70
Q

when can members operate on the roof of structural fire with a bowstring truss

A

Under no circumstances

71
Q

what is the primary tactical consideration at vacant, large advanced fires, underside of roof fire, attic area of buildings with truss roofs

A

exterior operations

72
Q

what shall members utilize from below of fire has involved the truss space

A

TIC

73
Q

what is a method of determining if fire entered the truss space

A

make a triangular cut in the sloping hip section from the safety of a tower ladder bucket

74
Q

if possible an exterior hose line from what mayb be directed into cuts to extinguish fire

A

TL basket

75
Q

what causes a collapse potential of front and rear walls in a building of truss roof systems

A

hip rafters being pushed in a down and outward fashion

76
Q

what roof supports are commonly found in newer taxpayers

A

lightweight open web steal joist

77
Q

how are open web joist spaced

A

greater distances apart than standard wood joist

78
Q

what is the most common kind of decking in newer taxpayers

A

corrugated steel

79
Q

in corrugated steel decking l, joist are spaced

A

4 to 6 feet

80
Q

on lightweight open web joist what is vertical ventilation limited to

A

removal of skylights and scuttle covers

81
Q

which kind of concrete decking spans wide spaces and is vulnerable to moisture

A

gypsum

82
Q

gypsum roof operations shall be conducted where

A

members shall not be committed to roof ops, interior ops shall be conducted from areas of safety

83
Q

what will give the presence of a gypsum roof

A

indicated by a white powdery residue during saw ops

84
Q

what is the width of a trench

A

at least 3 feet wide ( any direction)

85
Q

does trenching take the place of vertical holes

A

no it’s main purpose is to prevent the fire from passing the point at which the cut is made

86
Q

when starting a trench cut immediate notification to who is mandatory

A

IC - the roof sector supervisor can start one where he sees the necessity

87
Q

can trench cuts be used defensively

A

yes

88
Q

when should you special call an extra engine and ladder for a fire in a store

A

when 2 hand lines are operating

89
Q

when is a second alarm warranted in a taxpayer

A

cockloft extension
adjoining occupancy
advanced fire in the cellar

90
Q

a properly positioned tower ladder can cover a building with a frontage of

A

100 feet

91
Q

which sides of a taxpayer should be covered with portable ladders

A

All sides

92
Q

a minimum of how many portable ladders shall be placed on the front

A

minimum of 2 portable ladders on the front

93
Q

what time do the fires cause the most problems and losses in taxpayers

A

after occupancies are closed

94
Q

when should the initial lines at taxpayers be 2 1/2

A

when heavy or medium fire conditions are encountered

95
Q

when can a hose line be reduced to 1 3/4 at a taxpayer fire

A

if 2 1/2 not required after the initial attack it can be reduced

96
Q

can 1 3/4 lines be used in exposures

A

yes

97
Q

at a taxpayer cellar fire where should the first engine company stretch

A

into the occupancy above the fire to prevent vertical extension.

98
Q

what are the responsibilities of the second engine company in a taxpayer cellar fire

A

1) assist with the initial line
2) when 1st engine has not supplied the system a second line shall be stretched to do it
3) AFTER supplying the sprinkler system stretch a line to back up the 1st due line

99
Q

who ensures the sprinkler system is supplied at a taxpayer

A

third engine company

100
Q

at a taxpayer store fire where is the 1st line stretched

A

into the involved store to protect life

101
Q

where shall the second engine operate at a taxpayer store fire

A

assist with the first line
supply the system if not done
stretch a line to back up 1st

102
Q

what is the 1st engine company doing at a cockloft taxpayer fire

A

stretch a hand line into the most exposed occupancy or building **

if exposures aren’t immediate problem stretch into the store under the fire

103
Q

what are the responsibilities of the second engine company at a taxpayer cockloft fire

A

assist the first engine with the initial line.
if staffing permits, stretch a line into another seriously exposed building and operate

may be advisable to skip stores

104
Q

What is notable about ladder companies cutting gates

A

may be preferable (not must) to continue down the row of stores opening them all

105
Q

if there is high heat on the first floor with no visible flame what may be suspected

A

cellar fire

106
Q

in taxpayers do you expect to find cellars conforming to first floor layouts

A

no

107
Q

when sending members into cellars to shut down utilities who shall be dispatched

A

two masked equipped members as a team

108
Q

what are the responsibilities of the 1st due inside team at a cellar fire

A

forcible entry as required in both store and cellar

search the store for occupants

after communicated and coordinating ventilate the store as necessary. Take our store windows if required and ventilate from the interior where possible

shut down utilities***

109
Q

what is a main responsibility for the 1st due roof man at a cellar fire

A

after coordinating with the company officer inside fire area to be vented, provide roof vent of scuttles , etc.

110
Q

what is the primary position for the 1st arriving TL

A

in front of the fire building

111
Q

who shall bring a saw to the roof at a cellar taxpayer fire

A

the second due roof man if roof requires further opening

112
Q

most taxpayer fires originate where

A

in the store occupancy at street level

generally in storage or utility area usually in rear

113
Q

what is prevelant about ducts in taxpayer

A

they are often covered with non flammable insulation paper covering which may cause fire extension during operations

114
Q

what does trenching depend on

A

size of roof
volume of fire
type of ceiling and height

115
Q

who shuts the utilities at taxpayers

A

1st due inside team

116
Q

if fire extends to the cockloft where shall the chauffer report

A

to the roof to assist the roof firefighter

117
Q

what are the tool assignments for the second due roof man in a taxpayer fire

A

take saw to the roof and assist in ventilation (axe, iron)

118
Q

what is the tool assignment for the 3rd due ladder companies and additional truck companies at tax payer ops

A

bring 10 and 12 foot hooks

119
Q

how do you cut the metal slats of security doors

A

with the power saw, two cuts are made across the slats to form a triangle with the apex on the TOP

120
Q

what is the tool assignment for the ov at a taxpayer

A

mail and halligan

121
Q

what is prevalent about taxpayers from the 1920 ls and cockloft access

A

the decorative metal cornice could be removed to provide access

122
Q

what years are the most prevalent type of taxpayers

A

1920s to 1960/

firewalls may have been installed for subdivision of the building

123
Q

buildings after 1960s have what in place of wood beams to support floors and roofs

A

steel bar joists…combustible material has been reduced

124
Q

what is prevalent about the height of the mezzanine

A

height of the ceilings will be below average

125
Q

the open web joist or steel bar joist prevalent in modern taxpayers is what kind of truss

A

lightweight pareallel chord truss

126
Q

what kind of truss is common in older commercial structures

supermarkets, bowling alleys, lumberyards

A

wooden bowstring truss

127
Q

for wooden truss with hump like profile, the longer the span the…

A

higher the bow***

128
Q

why is snow prevalent to roof operations

A

it can cause an eccentric off center unbalanced load that can overload on the truss

129
Q

when heated steel beams are cooled what will happen

A

it will contract to its original length

130
Q

what does cooling a steel member do to strength and load carrying capacity

A

it will help regain its strength and load

131
Q

will majority of mazzanines be enclosed

A

NO

132
Q

if fire has seriously involved a major portion of the cockloft what is to be said about trenching

A

it is not practical

So Others May Pass (10 decks)

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